卢梭执行权理论中的平等问题  

The Equality in Rousseau's Theory of Executive Power

作　　者：庞亮 Pang Liang

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国政治学研究中心

出　　处：《哲学门》2024年第2期1-18,共18页Beida Journal of Philosophy

基　　金：北京大学学科建设项目“西方早期现代政治哲学中的自然法传统与国家理论”(7101302971)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：法国大革命的平等观念深受卢梭政治哲学的影响,然而,人们或是抨击这种平等观念过于抽象,会导致政治暴力与恐怖,或是指责它暗示了现代的机会平等,而未能建立起真正意义上的社会事实的平等。卢梭是否能免于这种批评?本文意在表明,若只看《社会契约论》前两卷,卢梭的确建构了一个绝对抽象的权利平等概念,但我们不能忽视卢梭的政府与执行权理论:在关于政府理论的作品中,卢梭提出了渐次升迁的等级制,以完成抽象平等原则的现实化,并为科西嘉民族提供了一套事实平等的方案。在这个意义上,本文既从执行权视角回应了卢梭的平等思想可能面对的批评,也提供了理解卢梭的新视角。Rousseau's political philosophy has deeply influenced the notion of equality exercised in the French Revolution.This notion of equality is criticized,for it is so abstract that it leads to political violence and terror,or it indicates the modern notion of equality of chances and fails to construct the real equality of social facts.Is Rousseau free from such criticism?The first two volumes of Contrat Social indeed builds an abstract notion of equality of right.However,this article tries to show that we cannot ignore Rousseau's theory of government and executive power,in which the Citoyen de Genève provides a gradual promotion system in order to realize the abstract principle of equality,and designs a project of equality of facts for the Corsican people.In this sense,this article gives a response to the criticism mentioned above,from the perspective of the executive power,and also offers a new point of view to understand Rousseau's political philosophy.

关 键 词：卢梭 抽象平等 事实平等 波兰 科西嘉 

分 类 号：B565.26[哲学宗教—外国哲学] D091[政治法律—政治学]