康德论意见——由李泽厚先生的一次哲学对谈说起  

Kant on Opinion

作　　者：马彪 Ma Biao

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学政治学院

出　　处：《哲学门》2024年第1期140-153,共14页Beida Journal of Philosophy

基　　金：国家社科基金后期基金项目(名称:康德批判哲学的宗教之维研究,编号:20FZXB028)的资助

摘　　要：康德在由他讲授、学生整理出版的《维纳逻辑学》中坦承,意见是认知领域中的最大构成部分。作为视之为真的一种样式,意见与信念、知识不同,它是既不具有主观充分性也不具有客观充分性的或然性概念,其范围关涉可能经验之先天结构的一切领域。表面上看,康德对意见这一概念的理解似乎是始终的、一贯的,事实并非如此,而是经历了一个逐渐深化的过程。在某种意义上,康德哲学中的意见不仅与视之为真架构下的其他概念有别,亦与假说这一范畴存在很大的不同,虽然两者之间具有密切的关联。基于康德思想的这一认识,可以看到,李泽厚先生的“哲学意见说”,诚有洞见,但亦有待深化。与其把哲学这一学科理解为一种意见,不如理解为一种假说。Kant admits that opinion is the greatest component of cognitive field in Wiener Logic,which published by his students.As a mode of assent,opinion is different from belief and knowledge.It is a contingent concept with neither subjective nor objective sufficiency,and its scope can extend to all fields defined by the transcendental structures for possible experience.Superficially,Kant’s understanding of the concept of opinion seems to have always been consistent stand,he,in fact,has a gradual deepening process.In a sense,the opinion in Kant’s philosophy is not only different from other concepts under the framework of assent,but also different from the concept of hypothesis,although there is a close relationship between the two.Based on Kant’s thought,Li Zehou’s opinion theory on the definition of philosophy undoubtedly needs to deepen.It is better to understand philosophy as a hypothesis rather than an opinion.

关 键 词：康德 意见 或然性 假说 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]