膳食模式与食管癌发病风险的流行病学研究进展  

Advances in epidemiologic research on dietary patterns and risk of esophageal cancer

作　　者：张晓瑞 王漪洁 刘芬 Zhang Xiaorui;Wang Yijie;Liu Fen(Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China;Department of Quality Monitoring and Control Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,北京100069 [2]首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院质控质效部,北京100029

出　　处：《肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志》2024年第6期763-770,共8页Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81874277)。

摘　　要：食管癌是最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,其恶性程度高、预后差,疾病负担严重。膳食作为一种易控因素在食管癌的发生、发展过程中发挥着重要的作用。目前对单一膳食组或营养素与食管癌发病风险的研究较多,但是各种膳食组或营养素在生理代谢过程中可能存在相互协调和拮抗效应。因此,从膳食模式的角度考虑膳食因素与食管癌发病风险的关联,更能反映整体效应,也更容易转化为指南推荐,在食管癌的一级预防方面更具实际指导意义。本文概述了膳食模式与食管癌发病风险研究中膳食模式的构建方法(包括先验法、后验法和混合法),综述近年来膳食模式与食管癌关联的研究。结果发现以蔬菜、水果、全谷物、豆类为特征的健康膳食模式,如植物性膳食模式、地中海饮食、健康膳食指数等,与食管鳞癌发病风险降低有关;以红肉、加工肉、精制谷物为特征的膳食模式或者炎性膳食模式,可能会增加食管鳞癌与食管腺癌的发病风险。本综述可为后续相关研究提供新的科学依据。Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive tract,with high malignant degree,poor prognosis,and serious disease burden.Dietary factors play an important role in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer.Current research has extensively explored the relationship between individual food groups or nutrients and the risk of esophageal cancer.However,there may be synergistic or antagonistic effects among various food groups or nutrients during physiological metabolism.Therefore,considering dietary factors from the perspective of dietary patterns can better reflect the overall effect and is more easily translated into guideline recommendations.This approach holds greater practical significance for the primary prevention of esophageal cancer.This paper provided an overview of the methods used to construct dietary patterns in research on the risk of esophageal cancer,including a priori,a posteriori,and hybrid approaches.It also summarized the recent findings on the association between dietary patterns and esophageal cancer,and elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms.Healthy dietary patterns characterized by vegetables,fruits,whole grains and legumes,such as plant-based dietary pattern,Mediterranean diet and healthy diet index,were found to be associated with reduced risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Dietary patterns characterized by red meat,processed meat,refined grains,or inflammatory dietary patterns may increase the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma.This review may provide scientific references for future research in this field.

关 键 词：膳食模式 流行病学 炎性膳食模式 食管癌 植物膳食模式 地中海饮食 健康膳食指数 一级预防 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]