决明子副产物对北京鸭生长发育、血清生化指标和组织学特性的影响  

Effects of Cassia Seed By-Product on Growth and Development,Serum Biochemical Indices and Histological Characteristics of Pekin Ducks

作　　者：王宁 赵子涛 王岐蒙 吴永保[1] 曹俊婷 闻治国[1] WANG Ning;ZHAO Zitao;WANG Qimeng;WU Yongbao;CAO Junting;WEN Zhiguo(Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Feed Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第1期341-354,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1301800);国家水禽产业技术体系专项基金(CARS-42-10);中国农业科学院科技创新工程团队重点任务(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-13,CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202301)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究饲粮中添加不同水平决明子副产物对1~42日龄北京鸭生长发育、血清生化指标和组织学特性的影响。试验选用240只健康1日龄Z5型雄性北京鸭,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸭。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加2%、4%、6%和8%决明子副产物的饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加4%~8%决明子副产物极显著降低1~21日龄和1~42日龄平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量以及21和42日龄体重(P<0.01);添加4%决明子副产物极显著提高22~42日龄ADG(P<0.01);添加4%~8%决明子副产物显著或极显著提高1~21日龄料重比(F/G)(P<0.05或P<0.01),极显著降低22~42日龄F/G(P<0.01);添加6%和8%决明子副产物极显著降低1~42日龄F/G(P<0.01)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加4%~8%决明子副产物显著或极显著降低胸肌率(P<0.05或P<0.01);添加6%决明子副产物极显著提高腿肌率(P<0.01),显著提高十二指肠指数(P<0.05);添加8%决明子副产物极显著提高腿肌率、肝脏指数、胰腺指数、肌胃指数和十二指肠指数(P<0.01),极显著降低腹脂率(P<0.01)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加2%~8%决明子副产物显著或极显著降低血清总胆固醇含量(P<0.05或P<0.01);添加8%决明子副产物极显著提高血清谷丙转氨酶活性(P<0.01);添加4%~8%决明子副产物极显著提高血清总胆红素含量(P<0.01)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加6%决明子副产物显著提高血清免疫球蛋白A含量(P<0.05);添加8%决明子副产物极显著提高血清谷胱甘肽还原酶活性(P<0.01),显著提高血清补体3含量(P<0.05);添加6%和8%决明子副产物显著提高血清白细胞介素-2含量(P<0.05)。5)组织学检测发现,与对照组相比,试验组肉鸭肝脏和脾脏虽无明显病变,但随着饲粮中决明子副产物添加水平的提高,十二指肠绒毛高度和绒隐比呈现逐渐降低趋势,隐窝深度呈现逐渐升高This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of cassia seed by-product on growth and development,serum biochemical indices and histological characteristics of Peking ducks from 1 to 42 days of age.A total of 240 one-day-old healthy Z5 male Pekin ducks were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 ducks per replicate.Ducks in the control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2%,4%,6%and 8%cassia seed by-product,respectively.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,dietary 4%to 8%cassia seed by-product extremely significantly decreased the average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake from 1 to 21 days age and 22 to 42 days of age as well as the body weight at 21 and 42 days of age(P<0.01);dietary 4%cassia seed by-product extremely significantly increased ADG from 22 to 42 days of age(P<0.01);dietary 4%to 8%cassia seed by-product significantly or extremely significantly increased the feed to gain ratio(F/G)from 1 to 21 days of age(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and extremely significantly decreased F/G from 22 to 42 days of age(P<0.01);dietary 6%and 8%cassia by-product extremely significantly decreased F/G from 1 to 42 days of age(P<0.01).2)Compared with the control group,dietary 4%to 8%cassia seed by-product significantly or extremely significantly decreased the breast muscle percentage(P<0.05 or P<0.01);dietary 6%cassia seed by-product extremely significantly increased the leg muscle percentage(P<0.01),and significantly increased the duodenum index(P<0.05);dietary 8%cassia seed by-product extremely significantly increased the leg muscle percentage,liver index,pancreas index,muscular stomach index and duodenum index(P<0.01),and extremely significantly decreased the abdominal fat percentage(P<0.01).3)Compared with the control group,dietary 2%to 8%cassia seed by-product significantly or extremely significantly decreased the serum

关 键 词：决明子副产物 北京鸭 生长发育 血清生化指标 组织学特性 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]