不同来源功能性寡糖对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵产气参数、发酵参数和微生物区系的影响  

Effects of Different Sources of Functional Oligosaccharides on Rumen Fermentation Gas Production Parameters,Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota of Dairy Cows in Vitro

作　　者：郭芸芳 常帅飞 程雨辰 李彩琴 刘小女 徐晓锋[1] 张力莉[1] GUO Yunfang;CHANG Shuaifei;CHENG Yuchen;LI Caiqin;LIU Xiaonv;XU Xiaofeng;ZHANG Lili(College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Centre of Zhuanglang County,Pingliang 744000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学动物科技学院,银川750021 [2]庄浪县畜牧兽医中心,平凉744000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第1期426-439,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32160769);宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03093)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同来源功能性寡糖对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵产气参数、发酵参数和微生物区系的影响。采用体外瘤胃发酵法,以苜蓿干草为发酵底物,选取大豆寡糖、壳寡糖和甘露寡糖,并分别添加0(对照)、0.5%、1.5%和3.0%,每个处理6个重复。结果表明:1)体外瘤胃发酵48 h产气快速产气部分按甘露寡糖<大豆寡糖<壳寡糖的顺序依次显著升高(P<0.05),慢速产气部分和潜在产气量按壳寡糖<甘露寡糖<大豆寡糖的顺序依次显著升高(P<0.05),产气速率按壳寡糖<大豆寡糖<甘露寡糖的顺序依次显著升高(P<0.05)。当添加水平为3.0%时,3种寡糖慢速产气部分、产气速率和潜在产气量均显著高于对照处理(P<0.05),而快速产气部分显著低于对照处理(P<0.05)。2)3种寡糖的添加水平显著影响体外瘤胃发酵总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)和氨态氮(NH_(3)-N))含量(P<0.05),当添加水平为3.0%时TVFA含量最高,NH_(3)-N含量最低,显著高于(或低于)对照处理和0.5%添加水平处理(P<0.05)。3)与对照处理相比,添加3.0%大豆寡糖和3.0%壳寡糖显著提高体外瘤胃发酵微生物群落Shannon指数(P<0.05);添加3.0%壳寡糖和3.0%甘露寡糖均显著提高厚壁菌门相对丰度(P<0.05),显著降低变形菌门相对丰度(P<0.05);添加3.0%大豆寡糖和3.0%壳寡糖均显著提高拟杆菌门相对丰度(P<0.05);添加3.0%的3种寡糖均显著降低埃希氏-志贺氏菌属相对丰度(P<0.05),添加3.0%大豆寡糖显著提高链球菌属和柠檬酸杆菌属相对丰度(P<0.05),添加3.0%壳寡糖显著提高月形单胞菌属1相对丰度(P<0.05),添加3.0%甘露寡糖显著提高瘤胃球菌属、链球菌属和克里斯滕森菌科R-7群相对丰度(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,添加不同来源功能性寡糖对体外瘤胃发酵模式和挥发性脂肪酸生成均产生一定影响,且呈剂量依赖趋势提高瘤胃发酵效率;添加3.0%大豆寡糖、壳寡糖和甘露寡糖能够提高部分纤维This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different sources of functional oligosaccharides on rumen fermentation gas production parameters,fermentation parameters and microbiota of dairy cows in vitro.Using alfalfa hay as fermentation substrate,soybean oligosaccharide,chitosan oligosaccharide and mannan oligosaccharide were selected and supplemented with 0(control),0.5%,1.5%and 3.0%,respectively,with 6 replicates per treatment.The results showed as follows:1)the rapid gas production fraction of rumen fermentation at 48 h in vitro was significantly higher in the order of mannan oligosaccharide<soybean oligosaccharide<chitosan oligosaccharide(P<0.05),the slow gas production fraction and potential gas production were significantly higher in the order of chitosan oligosaccharide<mannan oligosaccharide<soybean oligosaccharide(P<0.05),and the gas production rate was significantly higher in the order of chitosan oligosaccharide<soybean oligosaccharide<mannan oligosaccharides(P<0.05).The slow gas production fraction,gas production rate and potential gas production of the three oligosaccharides were significantly higher than those of the control treatment when the addition level was 3.0%(P<0.05),while the rapid gas production fraction was significantly lower than that of the control treatment(P<0.05).2)The addition level of the three oligosaccharides significantly affected the total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)and ammoniacal nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)contents in rumen fermentation in vitro(P<0.05),and the TVFA content was the highest and the NH_(3)-N content was the lowest when the addition level was 3.0%,which were significantly higher(or lower)than that of the control treatment and the 0.5%addition level treatment(P<0.05).3)Compared with control treatment,the addition of 3.0%soybean oligosaccharide and 3.0%chitosan oligosaccharide significantly increased the Shannon index of microbiota in rumen fermentation in vitro(P<0.05);the addition of 3.0%chitosan oligosaccharide and 3.0%mannan oligosaccharide significantly increa

关 键 词：功能性寡糖 瘤胃 产气参数 发酵参数 微生物区系 体外 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]