饲粮蛋白质水平对妊娠期秦川母牛瘤胃发酵性能、微生物多样性及犊牛初生体况的影响  

Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Rumen Fermentation Performance,Microbial Diversity of Qinchuan Cows during Pregnancy and Body Condition of Newborn Calves

作　　者：李化轩 潘月婷 梁恩堂 孙格格 陈帅成 李果 昝林森[1,2] LI Huaxuan;PAN Yueting;LIANG Entang;SUN Gege;CHEN Shuaicheng;LI Guo;ZAN Linsen(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;National Beef Cattle Improvement Center,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,杨凌712100 [2]国家肉牛改良中心,杨凌712100

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第1期440-452,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1300100);陕西省畜禽育种“两链”融合重点专项(2022GD-TSLD-46-0102);陕西省重点研发计划(2022ZDLNY01-01);杨凌畜牧产业创新中心专项(YLXM-2024-001)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究饲粮蛋白质水平对妊娠期秦川母牛瘤胃发酵性能、微生物多样性及犊牛初生体况的影响。选取妊娠中期的健康秦川母牛18头,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛。各组分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为8.08%(LCP组)、10.01%(MCP组)和12.04%(HCP组)的试验饲粮。试验期为140 d。结果表明:1)MCP组犊牛体重、腹围显著高于LCP组和HCP组(P<0.05),体高、胸围、体斜长显著高于LCP组(P<0.05);HCP组尻长显著高于LCP组和MCP组(P<0.05)。2)LCP组瘤胃pH和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFAs)浓度显著低于MCP组和HCP组(P<0.05),HCP组瘤胃氨态氮(NH 3-N)浓度显著高于LCP组和MCP组(P<0.05),MCP组瘤胃乙酸浓度显著高于LCP组(P<0.05)。3)MCP组血清高密度脂蛋白和总蛋白含量显著高于HCP组(P<0.05),血清尿素氮含量显著低于HCP组(P<0.05)。4)MCP组瘤胃纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacterota)和纤维杆菌属(Fibrobacter)相对丰度显著高于LCP组和HCP组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲喂中蛋白质水平(10.01%)饲粮提高了妊娠期秦川母牛血清高密度脂蛋白和总蛋白含量,增加了瘤胃TVFAs浓度及纤维素降解菌相对丰度,并改善了初生犊牛体况。The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary protein levels on rumen fermentation performance,microbial diversity of Qinchuan cows during pregnancy and body condition of newborn calves.Eighteen healthy Qinchuan cows in mid-pregnancy were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 cow per replicate.Cows in 3 group were fed experimental diets which the crude protein levels were 8.08%(LCP group),10.01%(MCP group)and 12.04%(HCP group),respectively.The experiment lasted for 140 days.The results showed as follows:1)the body weight and abdominal circumference of calves of MCP group were significantly higher than those of LCP and HCP groups(P<0.05),and the body height,abdominal circumference and body diagonal length were significantly higher than those of LCP group(P<0.05);the caudal length of calves of HCP group was significantly higher than that of LCP and MCP groups(P<0.05).2)The rumen pH and total volatile fatty acids(TVFAs)concentration of LCP group were significantly lower than those of MCP and HCP groups(P<0.05),the rumen ammoniacal nitrogen(NH 3-N)concentration of HCP group was significantly higher than that of LCP and MCP groups(P<0.05),and the rumen acetate concentration of MCP group was significantly higher than that inof LCP group(P<0.05).3)The serum high-density lipoprotein and total protein contents of MCP group were significantly higher than those of HCP group(P<0.05),and the serum urea nitrogen(UN)content was significantly lower than that of HCP group(P<0.05).4)The rumen Fibrobacteres and Fibrobacter relative abundances of MCP group were significantly higher than those of LCP and HCP groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,feeding medium protein level(10.01%)diet increase the serum high-density lipoprotein and total protein contents,improve the rumen TVFAs concentration and fiber-degrading bacteria relative abundance of Qinchuan cows during pregnancy,and improve the body condition of newborn calves.

关 键 词：蛋白质水平 秦川母牛 瘤胃发酵 微生物多样性 初生犊牛 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]