基于宏基因的深层黄壤微生物特征研究  

Analysis of microbial structure and gene function in deep soil based on metagenomics

作　　者：罗贞宝 李琼香 胡燕 刘青丽[2] 朱经伟 张云贵[2] 王新修 陈曦 李志宏[2] LUO Zhen-bao;LI Qiong-xiang;HU Yan;LIU Qing-li;ZHU Jing-wei;ZHANG Yun-gui;WANG Xin-xiu;CHEN Xi;LI Zhi-hong(Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company Bijie City Company,Bijie Guizhou 551700;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Weining County Branch of Bijie Tobacco Company,Weining Guizhou 553100;Guizhou Institute of Tobacco Science,Guiyang Guizhou 550000)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551700 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]毕节市烟草公司威宁县分公司,贵州威宁553100 [4]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵州贵阳550000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第12期68-77,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：企业项目(毕节烟叶质量与生态监测体系构建);国家烟草专卖局科技项目(110200601014);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(2021XM17)。

摘　　要：贵州土地平整后存在养分降低的现象。以贵州黄壤为研究对象,分析深层土壤微生物群落及基因功能特征,为山区土地平整后土壤快速改良提供理论依据。取耕层(0~30 cm)和深层(30~60 cm)土壤,利用宏基因组技术研究黄壤中微生物群落结构和基因功能的差异。结果显示,耕层和深层土壤样品中共获得7872个物种;与耕层土壤相比,深层土壤特有基因数提高了64.12%,但微生物多样性降低了5.36%。在群落组成上,深层土壤细菌相对丰度降低,古菌、真核生物及病毒的相对丰度增加;在门水平上,深层土壤变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度较耕层分别降低32.07%和54.58%,绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)相对丰度分别增加288.30%和48.82%;深层土壤奇古菌门相对丰度较耕层降低59.83%;深层土壤子囊菌门较耕层土壤降低15.90%。耕层土壤中显著富集了细菌的放线菌门、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)以及古菌的奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota);深层土壤中显著富集了细菌的酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。深层土壤代谢通路的功能基因丰度整体低于耕层土壤,其中以碳水化合物代谢最丰富;深层土壤中6种碳水化合物活性酶家族基因丰度均低于耕层土壤,其中土壤糖苷水解酶、糖基转移酶、碳水化合物结合模块及辅助氧化还原酶差异显著,其深层土壤较耕层土壤分别降低24.98%、15.46%、39.36%、42.93%,且土壤中korA、xylA、narZ、ureC、ppx-gppA、phoD等碳氮磷循环过程中的关键基因相对丰度表现出深层较耕层降低的同样趋势。由此可见,深层土壤微生物群落结构及功能与耕层土壤有显著差别,深层土壤聚集的菌群中相关代谢通路功能基因和碳水化合物活性酶功能基因丰度降低了养分循环能力,进而影响土壤养分供应及熟化速度。There is a phenomenon of nutrient reduction after land leveling in Guizhou.Taking yellow soil of Guizhou province as the research object,the characteristics of microbial community and gene function in deep soil were analyzed to provide theoretical basis for rapid soil improvement after land leveling in mountainous areas.Metagenomic techniques were used to study the differences of microbial community structure and gene function in yellow soil from topsoil(0-30 cm)and deep soil(30-60 cm).The results showed that a total of 7872 species were obtained from topsoil and deep soil samples.Compared with the topsoil,the number of specific genes in deep soil increased by 64.12%,but the microbial diversity decreased by 5.36%.In terms of community composition,the relative abundance of bacteria in deep soil decreased,while the relative abundance of archaea,eukaryotes and viruses increased.At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in deep soil decreased by 32.07%and 54.58%,respectively,compared with that in the topsoil layer.The relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria increased by 288.30%and 48.82%,respectively.The relative abundance of archaea in deep soil was 59.83%lower than that in topsoil layer.Ascomycetes in deep soil decreased by 15.90%compared with those in topsoil.Actinomycetes,Gemmatimonadetes and Thaumarchaeota of archaea were significantly enriched in the topsoil.Acidobacteria,Chlorocurvula and Firmicutes were significantly enriched in the deep soil.The abundance of functional genes of metabolic pathways in deep soil was lower than that in topsoil,and carbohydrate metabolism was the most abundant.The gene abundance of six carbohydrate active enzyme families in deep soil was lower than that in topsoil,and there were significant differences in soil glycoside hydrolase,glycosyltransferase,carbohydrate binding module and co-oxidoreductase,which decreased by 24.98%,15.46%,39.36%and 42.93%in the deep soil,respectively,compared with topsoil.The relative abundance of key gen

关 键 词：黄壤 宏基因组 土地平整 微生物群落结构 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]