聚氨酯包膜尿素对马铃薯生理特性及根际土壤无机氮的影响  

Regulate of polyurethane coated urea on physiological characteristics and inorganic nitrogen in rhizosphere soil of potato

作　　者：薛慧玲 曹兵[2] 高如霞 王东 魏红 樊明寿[4] 张子义[1] XUE Hui-ling;CAO Bing;GAO Ru-xia;WANG Dong;WEI Hong;FAN Ming-shou;ZHANG Zi-yi(College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010011;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097;Wuchuan Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 011700;College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010019)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [2]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [3]武川县农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古呼和浩特011700 [4]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第12期150-158,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：内蒙古自治区关键技术攻关计划项目(2021GG0079);内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划项目(2022YFHH0130)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着农业发展方式从资源消耗型向绿色生态型的转变,发展绿色新型肥料成为一种趋势。探究新型肥料聚氨酯包膜尿素对马铃薯生理特性及根际土壤无机氮含量的影响,为新型控释氮肥在马铃薯种植的合理施用提供依据。采用盆栽试验,设置4个处理,分别为不施氮(U0)、普通尿素常规施氮处理(N 0.1 g/kg土,U1)、普通尿素高氮处理(N 0.3 g/kg土,U2)和聚氨酯包膜尿素处理(N 0.1 g/kg土,CRF)。结果表明,施氮显著增加了马铃薯产量,其中CRF处理增产优势明显。第20 d时,U1和CRF处理增加了马铃薯根、茎、叶、块茎生物量;第40 d时,施氮处理比不施氮处理显著提高马铃薯的生物量,但施氮处理间差异不显著;第60 d时,CRF处理不同程度增加了块茎生物量、叶片SPAD值、叶片的净光合速率和根系活力。与U1和U2处理相比,CRF处理促进了马铃薯氮素积累,增加了中后期根际土壤铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)含量,而显著降低前期硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)含量。相关分析发现:马铃薯产量与40 d的根生物量和60 d的叶片和块茎生物量、SPAD值、总根长和氮素积累量呈极显著正相关;聚氨酯包膜尿素通过增加根际NH_(4)^(+)-N含量而显著提高了40 d马铃薯根生物量和60 d茎生物量,通过增加根际NO_(3)^(-)-N含量提高了60 d的块茎生物量、氮素积累量和SPAD值。In recent years,with the transformation of agricultural development mode from resource consumption to green ecology,the development of green new fertilizers has become a trend.In this study,the effects of new fertilizer polyurethane coated urea on the physiological characteristics of potato and the inorganic nitrogen content of rhizosphere soil were explored,so as to provide a basis for the rational application of new controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in potato planting.Four treatments were set up,including no nitrogen application(U0),conventional nitrogen application treatment(N 0.1 g/kg soil,U1),high nitrogen treatment of common urea(N 0.3 g/kg soil,U2)and polyurethane coated urea(N 0.1 g/kg soil CRF).The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased potato yield,and CRF treatment had obvious advantages in increasing yield.On the 20th day,U1 and CRF treatments increased the biomass of roots,stems,leaves and tubers,on the 40th day,nitrogen application significantly increased the biomass of potato,and there was no significant difference between different nitrogen application treatments,and on the 60th day,CRF treatment increased tuber biomass,leaf SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate of leaves,and root vitality to varying degrees.Compared with U1 and U2 treatments,CRF treatment significantly increased ammonium nitragen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)content in rhizosphere soil at 40th and 60th day,while significantly decreased nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)content in rhizosphere soil at 20th and 40th day.Correlation analysis showed that potato yield was significantly positively correlated with root biomass at 40 day and leaf and tuber biomass at 60 day,SPAD value,total root length and nitrogen accumulation,and polyurethane coated urea increased root biomass and stem biomass at 40 day by increasing rhizosphere NH_(4)^(+)-N content,and increased tuber biomass,nitrogen accumulation and SPAD value at 60 day by increasing rhizosphere NO_(3)^(-)-N content.

关 键 词：马铃薯 聚氨酯包膜尿素 生理特性 根际土壤 氮养分 

分 类 号：S53[农业科学—作物学]