水声矢量传感器研究进展与挑战  

Advances and challenges in underwater acoustic vector sensors

作　　者：李智[1,2,3] 杨士莪 Li Zhi;Yang Shie(National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security(Harbin Engineering University),Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin 150001,China;College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学水声技术全国重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [2]海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学),哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《仪器仪表学报》2024年第11期1-19,共19页Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3104500);国家自然科学基金(11904292);黑龙江省优秀青年科学基金(YQ2023A009)项目资助。

摘　　要：水下声信息的有效获取,是开展水声科学研究的基础。水声矢量传感是继常规声压传感之后的一类新型水下声接收技术,以矢量传感器作为核心载体,可同步共点获取完备的海洋声场信息,是新一代矢量声呐的根基。特别是与频率无关的自然余弦指向性和抑制各向同性海洋环境噪声的优势,使得矢量传感器在水下安防、海洋资源勘探、远程通信和环境监测等领域拥有巨大应用潜力。综述了水声矢量传感新机理探索、有源功能新材料应用、新结构与新技术发展等方面研究新进展,并对矢量传感器在甚低频、深水、平台应用和测试技术等方向未来的发展与挑战阐述了观点。The underwater acoustic vector sensor is a new kind of underwater sound receiving transducer compared to traditional hydrophones,with the capability to obtain the complete ocean sound field information,including both sound pressure and particle velocity.In particular,the frequency-independent natural cosine directivity and the advantages of suppressing isotropic marine environmental noise make AVS have great potential applied in underwater security defense,marine resource exploration,long-distance communication and environmental monitoring.This paper reviews the main developments of AVS over the past decade,including the exploration of novel sensing mechanisms,the application of new piezoelectric active materials and the design of innovative structures.Furthermore,the comprehensive challenges to be addressed in future work,such as device design at very low frequencies or in deep ocean conditions,platform suitability considerations,and advanced calibration techniques are analyzed and discussed.The effective acquisition of underwater acoustic information is the basis for conducting underwater acoustic science research.The underwater acoustic vector sensor is a new kind of underwater sound receiving transducer compared to traditional hydrophones,in which the vector sensor is the core carrier.It can obtain the complete ocean sound field information,including both sound pressure and particle velocity.In particular,the frequency-independent natural cosine directivity and the advantages of suppressing isotropic marine environmental noise make acoustic vector sensor(AVS)have great potential to be applied in underwater security defense,marine resource exploration,long-distance communication,and environmental monitoring.This article reviews the main developments of AVS over the past decade,including the exploration of novel sensing mechanisms,the application of new piezoelectric active materials,and the design of innovative structures.Furthermore,the comprehensive challenges to be addressed in future work,such as device de

关 键 词：矢量传感器 矢量水听器 水声换能器 矢量声呐 水声工程 

分 类 号：TH73[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] TB565.1[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]