论刑事强制执法中在场未成年人的特殊回避制度  

On the Special Recusal System for Minors Present During Criminal Enforcement Actions

作　　者：袁紫藤 自正法 Yuan Ziteng;Zi Zhengfa

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院

出　　处：《法治社会》2025年第1期37-52,共16页Law-Based Society

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“未成年人刑事实体与程序衔接路径研究”(项目批准号:21BFX182)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：有关未成年人保护的话题经久不衰,但理论界对未成年被害人的权利探讨则稍显不足,忽略了在强制执法过程中给予未成年被害人特殊保护的必要性。在《刑事诉讼法》第四次修改的讨论之际,以“张某某故意杀人案”溯源,提出未成年人在刑事强制执法中的特殊回避制度。从刑事强制执法的场景释义入手,明确“刑事强制执法”的内涵与外延,把它与“暴力执法”“武力执法”区分开来,将重心放置于侦查机关的合法执法行为可能对未成年人带来的伤害,并对其基本属性和发生场合进行探讨。特殊回避权作为现行立法明文规定之外的权利,应当具有法解释学上的权利来源,才具有论述的合法性,该权利主要源于健康权和“避免二次被害理论”。通过理论剖析和实证数据证实,特殊回避制度对规范强制执法行为和预防未成年被害人恶逆变方面具有一定的实然价值。鉴于此,刑事强制执法中在场未成年人特殊回避制度具有特殊的立法程序构思,在区分未成年人特殊回避制度与传统的回避制度的基础上,就特殊回避的内容、主体和执行程序进行程序构建。The topic of minor protection has been enduring,yet the theoretical community has somewhat neglected the exploration of minors'rights as victims,overlooking the necessity of providing special protection to minor victims during the process of compulsory enforcement.During the discussions on the fourth amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law,taking the“Zhang XX Intentional Homicide Case”as a starting point,this paper proposes a special recusal system for minors in criminal enforcement actions.It begins with the interpretation of scenarios involving criminal enforcement actions,clarifying the connotation and denotation of“criminal enforcement actions,”and distinguishing them from“violent enforcement”and“armed enforcement.”The focus is placed on the potential harm that lawful enforcement actions by investigative authorities may cause to minors,and a discussion is conducted on their basic attributes and occurrences.The right to special recusal,as a right not explicitly stipulated in current legislation,should have a source of power in legal hermeneutics to ensure the legitimacy of its discussion.This right primarily stems from the right to health and the theory of“avoiding secondary victimization.”Through theoretical analysis and empirical data,it is confirmed that the special recusal system has certain practical value in regulating compulsory enforcement actions and preventing the vicious cycle of juvenile victims becoming perpetrators.In light of this,the special recusal system for minors present during criminal enforcement actions requires a unique legislative procedural concept.Based on the distinction between the special recusal system for minors and the traditional recusal system,this paper proposes a procedural framework for the content,subject,and implementation procedures of special recusal.

关 键 词：刑事诉讼法修改 在场未成年人 刑事强制执法 特殊回避制度 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]