工业机器人应用能否反哺企业基础科学研究?  

Can the Application of Industrial Robots Drive Enterprise Feeding Basic Scientific Research?

作　　者：王斌[1,2] 王志华[2] 谭清美[3] WANG Bin;WANG Zhi-hua;TAN Qing-mei(School of Economics,Fudan University,Shanghai,200433,China;School of Economics,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou,Jiangsu,213001,China;School of Economic and Management,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Aerospace,Nanjing,Jiangsu,211106,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433 [2]江苏理工学院经济学院,江苏常州213001 [3]南京航空航天大学经济与管理学院,江苏南京211106

出　　处：《经济管理》2024年第11期5-24,共20页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“我国领军企业基础研究反哺动力及激励政策研究”(24BGL050)。

摘　　要：工业机器人在生产制造领域的广泛应用,能否对科技创新前端环节产生传导效应,从而促进企业基础科学研究活动?围绕此问题,本文从“生产-科研”逆向传导视角,剖析工业机器人应用对企业基础科学研究投入的影响,籍此从生产组织体系内部挖掘促进企业基础科学研究的内生动力,基于2010—2019年我国省级区域规模以上工业企业数据开展实证分析。研究发现,工业机器人应用对企业反哺基础科学研究的驱动效应呈U型特征,当工业机器人渗透度较低时,其先在创新链下游环节发挥强效应而挤占上游环节投入,只有当渗透度达到一定水平后,工业机器人应用才能在上游环节发挥显著作用。在解决内生性并开展稳健性检验后,上述结论依然成立。进一步研究发现,高市场利润率有助于增强工业机器人应用对企业基础科学研究投入的促进效应。机制分析发现,工业机器人应用可通过两个渠道促进企业基础科学研究投入:其一,基于工艺技术进步的技术驱动机制;其二,基于产业生产方式变革的市场驱动机制。异质性分析发现,区域创新绩效水平的差异对工业机器人应用促进企业基础科学研究有异质性影响,表现为在创新绩效水平高的地区,工业机器人应用更能显著提升企业基础科学研究投入。Can the widespread application of industrial robots in the field of production and manufacturing have a transmission effect on the front-end links of technological innovation,thereby promoting basic scientific research activities? Based on this issue,this article analyzes the impact of industrial robot applications on the investment in basic scientific research of enterprises from the perspective of “production research” reverse transmission. Through this,the endogenous driving force for promoting basic scientific research in enterprises is explored from within the production organization system.Empirical analysis is conducted based on data from industrial enterprises above designated size at the provincial level in China from 2010 to 2019.Research has found that the driving effect of industrial robot applications on enterprises' feedback to basic scientific research exhibits a U-shaped characteristic. When the penetration of industrial robots is weak,industrial robots first exert strong response in downstream links of the innovation chain and occupy R&D resources in upstream links.This leads to insufficient investment in basic research resources of enterprises.Only when the penetration of industrial robots reaches a certain level can industrial robot applications play a significant role in upstream links of the innovation chain,thereby promoting investment in basic research resources of enterprises. After addressing endogeneity and conducting robustness tests,the above conclusion still holds true. Further research has found that high market profit margins can enhance the promotion effect of industrial robot applications on the investment of enterprises in basic scientific research.Mechanism analysis found that the application of industrial robots can promote investment in basic scientific research in enterprises through two channels:firstly,the technology driven mechanism based on process technology progress,manifested as the application of industrial robots can drive product upgrades and enhance technologic

关 键 词：工业机器人 基础科学研究 资源反哺 逆向传导 促进机制 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济]