装病与佯狂:基于小说知识学视域的考察  

Malingering and Feigning Madness:A Discussion Based on the Theory of Fictional Wissenschaftslehre

作　　者：井玉贵 Jing Yugui

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学文学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2024年第10期106-125,163,共21页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：中国社会科学院大学拔尖项目“小说知识学视阈下的装病/佯狂书写研究”(02011903823052)的结项成果。

摘　　要：装病是一种特殊的社会文化现象,其动机与手段均堪称复杂多样。在古代载籍中政治人物装病的情形相当多,其出人意表处与政治斗争之诡谲密切相关。一般而言,装病能否成功受制于性别、年龄、身份、有无基础病等因素,而作为装病特殊形式的佯狂则较少受到这些因素的牵制,却需付出更多的人格代价。透视佯狂行为的本质,须溯源于传统文化中的“人禽之辨”。本文对装病现象的分析显示,身子不快是在恋情故事中女子装病的常见形式,盖因世人默认青春期女子有身子不快的权利,一般情况下不会刻意追究其真实性,这便为装病留下了必要的存在空间。装病内在地蕴含着败露的可能,这便为叙事作品的戏剧化书写提供了优质资源。小说知识学是关于获取知识、活用知识的开放性理论,基于该理论视域,在装病与佯狂书写中蕴含的丰富叙事学价值有待深入发掘。Malingering is a special social and cultural phenomenon,with motivations and methods that are complex and diverse.There are considerable political figures malingering in classical Chinese documents,which is closely related to the strangeness and changefulness of political struggles.Generally speaking,the success of malingering is influenced by many factors,such as gender,age,identity,and underlying diseases.However,as a special form of malingering,feigning madness is less affected by these factors,though it always has a negative impact on human dignity.The essence of feigning madness can be traced back to the distinction between humans and animals in traditional culture.The analysis of the phenomenon of malingering in this paper shows that feeling uncomfortable is a common pretext of malingering for female characters in love stories,because it is widely accepted that adolescent women have the right to feel uncomfortable.In general,people do not deliberately investigate its authenticity,which leaves necessary space for malingering.Although there is a possibility of exposure when characters malinger,it provides high-quality resources for the dramatic writing of narrative works.The theory of fictional wissenschaftslehre is an open theory regarding the acquisition and utilization of knowledge.Based on this theoretical perspective,the rich narrative value in the writing of malingering and feigning madness should be further explored.

关 键 词：装病 佯狂 小说知识学 戏剧化书写 

分 类 号：I242[文学—中国文学]