基于废热循环利用的电动汽车分布式多热源梯级制热策略  

Cascade heating strategy with multiple heat sources distributed based on waste heat recycling for electric vehicles

作　　者：丁鹏[1,2] 张美娟 张鹏博[1] 李萌 喻春明 DING Peng;ZHANG Meijuan;ZHANG Pengbo;LI Meng;YU Chunming(Wuxi Institute of Technology,Wuxi 214121,China;Jiangsu New Energy Vehicle Energy Saving and Safety Engineering Research Center,Wuxi 214121,China)

机构地区：[1]无锡职业技术学院,无锡214121 [2]江苏省新能源汽车电池节能与安全工程研究中心,无锡214121

出　　处：《科技导报》2024年第24期58-69,共12页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：江苏省高校“青蓝工程”项目;江苏省产学研合作项目(BY20230151)。

摘　　要：为减少电动汽车暖风系统耗能,设计了基于废热循环利用的电动汽车多热源分布式梯级供暖系统。分析了车厢热负荷,为探讨多热源制热次序与制热量,建立了动力电池、驱动电机及控制器的放热模型,并用ANSYS进行仿真分析,探讨了其放热规律。进一步考虑驾乘人员放热量对车内温度的影响,设计了热释电红外技术检测驾乘人员数量,以预估驾乘人员的放热量。在此基础上建立了多热源制热量之间的函数关系,设计了分布式多热源梯级协同制热方法,该方法能够根据热源放热规律、环境温度及驾乘人员数量适时选择最优制热方式。开展了暖风空调系统的低温试验,结果表明,在环境温度-22℃、试验工况运行2 h后,与传统电动汽车暖风相比,分别节能31.1%和63.6%,验证了所提方法的优越性。To reduce the energy consumption of electric vehicle heating system,a cascade heating system with multiple heat sources distributed based on waste heat recycling was designed.Firstly,the thermal load of the carriage was analyzed and calculated,providing a basis for the selection and matching of heating components.To explore the heating sequence and heat production,a heat release model for the power battery,drive motor,and controller was built,and simulation analysis using ANSYS was conducted to explore heat release laws.Considering the impact of heat released by drivers and passengers on the temperature inside the vehicle,a pyroelectric infrared technology was designed to detect the number of drivers and passengers,in order to estimate their heat release.A cascade collaborative heating method with multiple heat sources distributed was designed,and the optimal heating method could be selected in a timely manner based on the heat release law of the heat sources,environmental temperature,and the number of drivers and passengers.Finally,low-temperature tests were conducted on the heating air system,and the results showed that after operating for 2 hours at an ambient temperature of-22℃,compared with traditional electric vehicle heating,the proposed method saved 31.1%and 63.6%energy,respectively,verifying its superiority.

关 键 词：电动汽车 暖风系统 废热循环 梯级控制 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]