从回忆到记忆重述——文学旅游中的集体身份形成  

From Recalling to Memory Retelling:A Study on the Formation of Collective Identity in Literary Tourism

作　　者：侯颖 陆林 吴锶梦 HOU Ying;LU Lin;WU Simeng(School of Management,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;School of Geography and Tourism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学管理学院,福建厦门361005 [2]安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2025年第2期44-59,共16页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“旅游引导城市群乡土-生态空间演化的过程、格局和机制”(41930644);国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于全球地方化视角的旅游地演化过程与机制”(42371257)共同资助。

摘　　要：在文旅深度融合发展的背景之下,为了文化旅游目的地更好地传达社会主流价值观、助力精神文明建设,需要了解个人如何接受集体的历史叙事,产生集体身份认同。在与文学作品或作家相关的旅游地,旅游者会回忆起过去阅读的经历,以及关于文学作品的记忆。回忆不仅是对记忆中语义、情境的重新调用,同时也参与当下的认知进程。基于这一认识,该研究通过描述现象学的调查方法,从鲁迅文学旅游中的记忆现象切入,探索旅游的群体凝聚作用。研究发现,文学旅游过程中个体记忆的参与,使旅游者通过回忆丰富自我意识,促成认知开放;此时,传达集体延续性和必要性的集体历史叙事嵌入并推动个体记忆发生重述。记忆重述指的是生动鲜活的文学文本将在回忆中产生的无方向的情绪上升至有方向的、稳定的情感,切身直接的文学仪式将在回忆中开放的身份定位重塑至相互联结的集体之上,最终旅游者由内而外、自下而上地生成集体身份,形成与集体相一致的行动力量。该研究在文学旅游的情境中扩展了对个体记忆机制和功能的认识,为旅游者如何理解并主动接受社会话语提供微观层面的解释。To better convey mainstream societal values and enhance social cohesion,tourism research must explore how individual tourists engage with collective historical narratives and develop a sense of collective identity.When literary tourists enter literary sites with pre-existing reading experiences,their memories of literary works and personal life experiences play a significant role in the experience process.According to cognitive psychology research,the micro-psychological mechanisms of individual memory are shaped by both short-term and long-term memory.People retrieve semantic and contextual elements from long-term memory,while these awakened memories are reconstructed during the cognitive processing of short-term memory.Social memory studies suggest that shared memories at the collective level are an important expression of the power of collective action.Within this framework,cultural memory theory posits that collective memory emerges from repeated reinforcement at the collective level and is presented and activated through physical and emotional interactions in collective rituals.Previous tourism research studies have explored the mechanisms of individual memory and the formation of collective memory.Although the interconnection between these two aspects is crucial,it is also highly complex.To gain a deeper understanding of how literary tourists evoke individual memories and interact with collective memory,this study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach for empirical research,aiming to uncover deep and complex psychological mechanisms.Through participatory observation and in-depth interviews conducted in Lu Xun's hometown(Shaoxing,China),we examined the mechanisms underlying the formation of collective identity during the memory process.The findings indicated that:(1)When literary tourists encounter situations similar to or different from their own memories,they begin to recall;the process of recalling is accompanied by the reconstruction of context and meaning,which helps tourists enrich their sel

关 键 词：回忆 记忆重述 历史叙事 集体身份 文学旅游 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]