论宋代科举闻喜宴探花书写及意义  

Writings and Significance of Tanhua at Wenxi Banquet of Imperial Examination in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：张福清 Zhang Fuqing(School of Literature and Journalism,Hanshan Normal University,Chaozhou521041,China)

机构地区：[1]韩山师范学院文学与新闻传播学院,广东潮州521041

出　　处：《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2024年第12期30-44,共15页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划2020年一般项目(GD20CZW02)。

摘　　要：探花宴在唐代是进士自发的一种醵钱娱乐活动,闻喜宴在宋代则转化为朝廷公办的期集活动。探花既是探花宴、闻喜宴中的一个重要娱乐环节,又指榜中最年少俊俏者。探花在宋代正史中无记载,直到明清正史和地方志才有记录,但在宋元笔记中有大量材料涉及。宋代闻喜宴探花诗词主要是科举状元或榜眼、一般的进士及第者和民间文人之作,诗歌皆有较强的现场感和隆重喜庆的氛围,带有一定的自豪感。闻喜宴探花书写反映了宋代科举风俗,可还原探花职事是由主管题名小录的职事官即最年少进士担任;从中可窥探花指称的历史演变过程,在整个宋代几乎皆指进士榜中最年少俊俏者,在晚宋才演变为特指进士第三人;从现场和旁观视角记录了宴会上探花郎探花的现场喜庆氛围。The Tanhua Banquet was a self-organized entertainment activity where newly graduated jinshi(successful candidates in the highest imperial examination)of the Tang Dynasty pooled money together.In contrast,the Wenxi Banquet or Qionglin Banquet during the Song Dynasty was an official gathering organized by the imperial court.Tanhua was an important entertainment segment in these banquets and also referred to the youngest and most handsome among the successful candidates.The main duties of the tanhua were to pick famous flowers and compose poems,typically involving two to three individuals,and this role was unrelated to the“Third Place Jinshi”(the first of jinshi is popularly known as zhuangyuan,the second as bangyan,and the third as tanhua).The title“tanhua”is not found in the official histories of the Song Dynasty.It only appears in the official records starting from the Ming and Qing Dynasties.However,it was quite popular in the notes and writings of the Song scholars.In the Song Dynasty,poetry writings about the tanhua at the Wenxi Banquet were prominent.Firstly,they were mainly composed by the zhuangyuan or bangyan of the imperial examinations.Zhuangyuan Zheng Xie and Huang Shang both hosted Tanhua Banquets and wrote tanhua poems with a strong sense of the scene,a sense of being there.Although zhuangyuan Song Xiang,Wang Shipeng,and Yao Mian did not directly write tanhua poems,their works involve the Qionglin Banquet and recall the joyous moments of the tanhua.Bangyan Liu Chang also has a lively scene of poetic memories and playful exploration of flowers.Secondly,writings by general jinshi or those conferred the jinshi title include poems by Wang Yucheng,Han Ju,Xiang Anshi,Zhang Jian,and Gao Xuan.These works recall the tanhua activities in which they or their friends participated at the Qionglin Banquet,highlighting the glory associated with the tanhua.The Jin Dynasty,which coexisted with the Song Dynasty,also produced tanhua poems describing the grand activities of the Wenxi Banquet.Thirdly,folk literati

关 键 词：科举 闻喜宴 探花 职事官 进士第三人 喜庆氛围 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]