大型游乐设施的三层双向风险评价方法研究  

Research on the three-layer bidirectional risk evaluation method for large-scale amusement facilities

作　　者：何光辉 张勇[2] 项辉宇[1] 冷崇杰[1] 黄松 代同阳 HE Guanghui;ZHANG Yong;XIANG Huiyu;LENG Chongjie;HUANG Song;DAI Tongyang(School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China;State Key Laboratory for Market Supervision(Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation),China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Ins,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学计算机与人工智能学院,北京100048 [2]中国特种设备检测研究院国家市场监管重点实验室(无损检测与评价),北京100013

出　　处：《工业安全与环保》2025年第2期56-62,共7页Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3005100)。

摘　　要：大型游乐设施的种类繁多,结构及运动型式各异,其失效环节也复杂多样,目前常见的风险评价方法应用于大型游乐设施时存在明显不足。针对大型游乐设施的特点,通过对现有的各种风险评价方法进行对比研究,并结合我国行业现状,提出了一种适合大型游乐设施的三层双向风险评价方法。该方法从人员、设备本身、环境因素等3个方面进行考虑,并对其进行零部件、子系统、概念设计层次的风险分析,可以自下而上排除单个危险源,自上而下排除系统性危险源,从多角度、多层次探究其失效模式以及潜在危险,实现了对设备的有效安全控制。Large amusement facilities encompass a wide variety of types,structures,and motion forms,with diverse and complex failure points.Existing risk assessment methods often prove inadequate when applied to these large facilities.Addressing the unique characteristics of large amusement facilities,this study conducts a comparative analysis of existing risk assessment methods and,in line with current industry conditions in China,proposes a three-tier,bidirectional risk assessment approach tailored for such facilities.This method considers factors from personnel,equipment,and environmental perspectives,and performs risk analysis at the component,subsystem,and conceptual design levels.It enables bottom-up elimination of individual hazards and top-down elimination of systemic hazards,exploring failure modes and potential dangers from multiple perspectives and layers,ultimately achieving effective safety control of the equipment.

关 键 词：大型游乐设施 风险评价 三层双向 危险源 

分 类 号：TS952.8[轻工技术与工程]