分配平等是古典功利主义追求的基本价值吗  

Is Equality of Distribution a Fundamental Value Pursued by Classical Utilitarianism

作　　者：段忠桥 Duan Zhongqiao

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学马克思主义学院,济南250014

出　　处：《中国社会科学评价》2024年第4期147-154,158,共9页China Social Science Review

摘　　要：古典功利主义只把幸福的最大化作为追求的最终目的,而从来不把分配平等作为追求的基本价值。功利主义对于平等的态度大致分为:分配平等只具有相对价值,只是立法者追求最终目标——社会幸福的一种手段;平等准则绝不是人们普遍予以应用或认为普遍适用的规则,相反,它屈从于每个人对社会利益的看法;如果不平等最能达到普遍幸福,功利主义必定要求以这种方法达到它。因此,认为分配平等是古典功利主义追求的基本价值是站不住脚的。Classical utilitarianism regards the maximization of happiness as its ultimate goal and does not consider equality of distribution a fundamental value.The utilitarian perspective on equality is generally understood as follows:equality in distribution holds only relative value and serves merely as a means for legislators to achieve the overarching goal of social happiness.The norm of equality is by no means a rule that is universally applied or seen as universally applicable;rather,it is subject to each individual's view of society's interests.If inequality proves to be the most effective path to achieve general happiness,utilitarianism would demand that this approach be taken.Therefore,the argument that equality of distribution is a fundamental value within classical utilitarianism does not hold up under scrutiny.

关 键 词：功利主义 幸福最大化 分配 平等 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]