从古今语典看汉语歇后语经典特征  

The Classical Characteristics of Chinese Xiehouyu from Ancient and Modern Dictionaries

作　　者：曹运波 CAO Yunbo(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《石家庄学院学报》2025年第1期94-101,共8页Journal of Shijiazhuang University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中西交流背景下汉语词汇学的构建与理论创新研究”(21&ZD310)。

摘　　要：以第一部汉语歇后语辞典《义山杂纂》为起点,加以续仿之作,而后与《现代汉语歇后语规范词典》构成古今比对语料,以此考察汉语歇后语在发展与演变中表现的经典特征。研究发现:汉语歇后语是以中华优秀传统文化为价值导向,内容多源于现实生活戏谑,词长以4字至6字“引”、3字至5字“注”为主,且“注”常较“引”短,具有构式性与复呈性结构特征,否定义为主要色彩义的熟语;在发展过程中,歇后语表现出词化和变体多样化的倾向,《义山杂纂》及其续仿之作在汉语歇后语发展史上本源性特征明显。Taking the first Chinese Xiehouyu(two-part allegorical sayings)dictionary Yishan Zazuan as the starting point,with its subsequent imitations,it forms a corpus comparing with Modern Chinese Xiehouyu standard dictionary,so as to investigate the classical characteristics of Chinese Xiehouyu in the development and evolution.The study finds that Chinese Xiehouyu is based on the value orientation of China's excellent traditional culture.Their content mostly originates from real life banter.Chinese Xiehouyu refer to a kind of set phrases,which mainly consist of an"introduction"part ranging from 4 to 6 Chinese characters and an"explanation"part ranging from 3 to 5 Chinese characters,and the"explanation"is often shorter than the"introduction".It has the structural characteristics of constructionality and recurrence,and the main connotative meaning is negative.In the process of development,the two-part allegorical sayings show the tendency of lexicalization and diversification of variants.Yishan Zazuan and its subsequent imitations have obvious original characteristics in the history of the development of Chinese Xiehouyu.

关 键 词：《义山杂纂》 歇后语 语义 结构 流变 

分 类 号：H033.1[语言文字—语言学]