日粮纤维水平对育肥期苏淮猪空肠黏膜微生物的影响  

Effects of increasing levels of defatted rice bran on jejunal mucosal bacterial composition in finishing pigs

作　　者：何金庆 王欢[1,2] 杜陶然 王文强 吴承武 蒲广 赵清波 黄瑞华 李平华[1,2] HE Jinqing;WANG Huan;DU Taoran;WANG Wenqiang;WU Chengwu;PU Guang;ZHAO Qingbo;HUANG Ruihua;LI Pinghua(Institute of Swine Science,Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Live Stock and Poultry(PIG)Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Nanjing),Nanjing 210095,China;Huai'an Academy,Nanjing Agricultural University,Huai'an 223005,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学养猪研究所/农业农村部畜禽资源(猪)评价利用重点试验室(南京),江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学淮安研究院,江苏淮安223005

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2025年第2期22-31,共10页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(20)1003];江苏省农业重大新品种创制项目(PZCZ201732);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(JATS[2023]410,JATS[2023]186)。

摘　　要：旨在研究日粮添加脱脂米糠(DFRB)对育肥期苏淮猪空肠黏膜微生物区系的影响。选取33头体重(62.90±0.78)kg健康育肥期苏淮阉割公猪,随机分为5组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别用7%、14%、21%和28%DFRB替代等比例玉米的日粮,每组7个重复(除7%DFRB试验组5个重复),试验猪于奥饲本猪性能测定系统中饲养,预试期10 d,正试期28 d,之后所有试验猪进行屠宰并采集空肠黏膜样品。结果:随着日粮中DFRB水平的增加,属水平上益生菌和致病微生物的组成均发生了显著变化;基于非加权距离算法(unweighted UniFrac)的主坐标分析(PCoA)显示PC1水平7%DFRB组和对照组明显分离(P<0.05);7%DFRB组微生物丰度的丰富度指数(Sobs)、修正丰富度指数(Chao)和覆盖估计值指数(ACE)均低于对照组(P<0.05);7%DFRB组条件致病菌肠杆菌科志贺菌(Escherichia_Shigella)的相对丰度低于基础日粮组(P<0.05),与抗氧化相关的假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)和红球菌(Rhodococcus)的相对丰度显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。结论:用7%DFRB替代基础日粮,有助于降低苏淮猪空肠中的潜在有害细菌,减少氧化应激,提升抗氧化微生物的数量,从而增进肠道健康。This study sought to examine the influence of escalating defatted rice bran intake on the jejunal mucosal microbiota in pigs at the finishing stage.33 healthy Suhuai castrated boars weighing(62.90±0.78)kg at the fattening stage were selected and randomly assigned into five groups,with seven replicates in each group,except one group with five replicates,using 7%DFRB feed.The tested pigs were reared in the Osborne pig performance measurement system.The control group consumed a regular diet,but the experimental groups were given diets where maize was progressively replaced by 7%to 28%DFRB in four separate stages.All the experimental pigs were raised in the Aosiben pig performance measurement system.At the end of the 28-day study phase,the experimental pigs were euthanized,and jejunal mucosa samples wwere collected from the pigs for the subsequent analysis of the bacterial community.As a result,the composition of both probiotic and pathogenic microorganisms at the genus level changed significantly with increasing levels of DFRB in the diet.The Principal Coordinate Analysis(PCoA)based on the unweighted UniFrac distance algorithm showed a significant distinction between the 7%DFRB group and the control group at the PC1 level(P<0.05).At the genus level,the microbial abundance(Sobs,ACE,Chao)of the 7%DFRB group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The 7%DFRB group exhibited a lower concentration of Escherichia_Shigella,which is pathogenic in nature,than the basal diet group(P<0.05).The group with 7%DFRB supplementation exhibited a markedly higher level of Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus,which are linked to antioxidant properties,as compared with the other experimental groups(P<0.05).The present resultsindicated that 7%DFRB was beneficial for pigs in reducing conditional pathogens in them,alleviating their jejunal oxidative stress,increasing their antioxidant-associated microbial abundance,and promoting their gut health.

关 键 词：脱脂米糠 苏淮猪 日粮纤维 微生物 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学]