石油污染胁迫下碱蓬根际土壤微生物群落的响应变化  

Changes of microbial communities in Suaeda rhizosphere soils in response to petroleum stress

作　　者：李奎民 袁园利 李梦龙 张旭旺[1] LI Kuimin;YUAN Yuanli;LI Menglong;ZHANG Xuwang(Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering(Ministry of Education),School of Chemical Engineering,Ocean and Life Sciences,Dalian University of Technology,Panjin 124221)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学化工海洋与生命学院,工业生态与环境工程教育部重点实验室,盘锦124221

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2025年第1期355-363,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.42277108);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(No.DUT22JC29)。

摘　　要：碱蓬是典型的盐碱先锋植物,在滨海湿地污染修复中具有重要的应用潜力.为探究石油污染胁迫对碱蓬及其根际土壤微生物群落的影响,设置低(L)-中(M)-高(H)石油污染负荷的实验组,以不添加石油的实验组作为对照(BC),采用扩增子高通量测序对土壤微生物群落进行解析.结果表明,石油污染会显著抑制碱蓬的生长,其根际土壤pH与总磷含量受石油浓度影响最为显著.石油污染会促进土壤中胞外多糖的分泌,但是对胞外蛋白及土壤酶活无显著影响.石油污染会降低土壤微生物群落的多样性,促使群落结构发生改变.各处理组中优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),优势菌属为海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、噬甲基菌属(Methylophaga)、食烷菌属(Alcanivorax)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和康氏菌属(Kangiella),且优势菌属的相对丰度在石油污染胁迫下均有显著增加.此外,石油污染胁迫会显著影响碱蓬根际土壤中石油降解相关基因的丰度.本研究表明石油污染胁迫会改变碱蓬根际土壤的理化性质与微生物群落结构,研究结果可为理解石油污染对滨海湿地生态系统的影响提供科学依据.Suaeda is a typical pioneer halophyte with significant potential applications in remediating contaminated coastal wetlands.To investigate the effects of petroleum pollution stress on Suaeda and its rhizosphere soil microbial community,experimental groups were established with low(L),medium(M),and high(H)levels of petroleum pollution,alongside a control group(BC)without adding petroleum.High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was employed to analyze the soil microbial community.The results indicated that petroleum pollution significantly inhibited Suaeda growth.The pH and total phosphorus levels in rhizosphere soils were notably affected by petroleum concentration.Petroleum pollution promoted the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides in the soil but had no significant impact on extracellular proteins and soil enzyme activities.Additionally,petroleum pollution reduced the diversity of soil microbial communities and induced changes in community structure.The dominant phyla in experimental groups were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota,Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes,while the dominant genera were Marinobacter,Methylophaga,Alcanivorax,Pseudomonas and Kangiella.The relative abundances of these dominant genera greatly increased under petroleum pollution stress.Moreover,petroleum pollution significantly affected the abundances of petroleum degradation-related genes in Suaeda rhizosphere soils.This study demonstrated that petroleum pollution stress altered the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of Suaeda rhizosphere soils.These findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the impact of petroleum pollution on coastal wetland ecosystems.

关 键 词：碱蓬 石油污染 高通量测序 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53