祁连山区矿山废弃地土壤养分恢复效果评价  

Evaluationon of Soil Nutrient Restoration Effect in Abandoned Mining Land in Qilian Mountains

作　　者：裴佐海 谭岷山 蔡海珍 杨靖文 李晶 PEI Zuohai;TAN Minshan;CAI Haizhen;YANG Jingwen;LI Jing(Gansu Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Gansu Soil and Water Conservation Engineering Research Center,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省水土保持科学研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃省水土保持工程研究中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《人民黄河》2025年第2期119-123,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：甘肃省水利科学试验研究及技术推广计划项目(甘水建管发[2024]78号-24GSLK001,甘水建管发[2023]67号-10,甘水建管发[2022]59号-7,甘水科外发[2018]70号-28)。

摘　　要：祁连山区于2017年开始关停矿山并持续进行生态修复,为了解矿山废弃地土壤养分恢复效果并为其后续土壤治理及生态修复提供参考,分别选取煤矿、铜矿和砂石矿各1座,在各矿废弃地修复区和周边原地貌区分别设置样区,测定土壤养分指标,对比分析矿山废弃地修复区与周边原地貌土壤养分指标的差异。结果表明:1)祁连山区煤矿、铜矿、砂石矿周边原地貌区土壤养分状态优于废弃地修复区的,其中有机质、全钾等养分含量差异显著;2)煤矿废弃地修复区土壤养分状态优于铜矿和砂石矿废弃地修复区的,其原因可能与生态修复中的人工林树种组成不同有关;3)研究区0~20 cm土层的土壤有机质、全氮等养分含量普遍高于20~40 cm土层的,存在“表聚现象”;4)在后续的植被恢复中,应根据局地地理、气候环境条件,因地制宜选择适宜修复区生长的乡土优势植物种并进行乔灌草合理配置,以提高生态修复效果。The Qilian Mountain area began to shut down mines in 2017 and continued ecological restoration.In order to understand the effect of soil nutrient restoration in abandoned mining land and provide reference for its subsequent soil management and ecological restoration,one coal mine,one copper mine and one gravel mine were selected respectively,and a sample area was set up in the restoration area of each abandoned mining land and the surrounding original landscape area respectively to determine the soil nutrient indexes,and compare and analyze the difference between soil nutrient indexes of the restoration area of abandoned mining land and the surrounding original landscape soil.The results show that a)the soil nutrient status of the original landscape around the coal,copper and gravel mines in Qilian Mountain area is better than that of the restoration area of the abandoned land,in which the difference in the nutrient contents of organic matter and total potassium is significant;b)the soil nutrient status of the restoration area of abandoned mining land is better than that of the restoration area of abandoned copper and gravel mining land,the reason may be related to the different tree species composition in artificial forests during ecological restoration;c)the soil organic matter,total nitrogen and other nutrients in the 0-20 cm soil layer are generally higher than those in the 20-40 cm soil layer in the study area,and there is the“phenomenon of surface aggregation”;d)in the subsequent vegetation restoration,native dominant plant species suitable for growth in the restoration area should be selected according to the local geographic and climatic environmental conditions,and tree,shrub and grass should be reasonably allocated to improve the ecological restoration effect.

关 键 词：矿山废弃地 土壤养分 生态修复 土壤治理 评价 祁连山区 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X825