千岛湖松材线虫病危害调查与马尾松次生林经营策略  

Hazard Investigation of Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus and Management Strategies of Secondary Pinus Massoniana Forest in Thousand-Island Lake Area

作　　者：徐高福 吴永强 徐邓幸 章德三 余世成 刘荣昌 邵建兵 Xu Gaofu;Wu Yongqiang;Xu Dengxing;Zhang Desan;Yu Shicheng;Liu Rongchang;Shao Jianbing(Hangzhou Chunlin Forestry Development Co.,LTD.,Chun'an 311700,Zhejiang,China;Fuxi Forest Farm of Chun'an County,Chun'an 311700,Zhejiang,China;Chun'an Xin'an River Ecological Development Group Co.,LTD.,Chun'an 311700,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州淳林林业发展有限公司,浙江淳安311700 [2]杭州市淳安县富溪林场,浙江淳安311700 [3]杭州市淳安县新安江生态开发集团有限公司,浙江淳安311700

出　　处：《绿色科技》2024年第23期73-78,90,共7页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：杭州市农业与社会发展科技计划项目(编号:2022NS13)。

摘　　要：为寻求经受松材线虫病的侵袭后千岛湖马尾松次生林经营模式,在千岛湖区重点国有林场抽取12个30 m×30 m样地进行松疫木调查,分析危害损失现状,并综合灌木层、草本层进行群落分类,因地制宜提出千岛湖马尾松次生林经营策略。千岛湖马尾松次生林自2018年以来因松材线虫病入侵而遭受重创,2024年4月随机抽样调查,发生区平均松疫木为81株/hm^(2),蓄积损失达47.37 m^(3)/hm^(2)。松疫木个体龄组横跨幼龄林到过熟林各个阶段,以成熟林最多,占51.72%;70.11%为大(根)径组以上的大树。目前千岛湖马尾松次生林类型有马尾松与木荷、苦槠、青冈、石栎单层或复层混交林,马尾松与短尾越桔、毛花连蕊茶、格药柃复层林,马尾松与檵木、杜鹃、山莓复层林,马尾松与白栎、短柄枹、盐肤木复层林,马尾松与芒萁、狗脊、芒复层林等。鉴于千岛湖作为特别生态功能区的背景,未来要在保护目的树种、目标树种前提下,充分利用松疫木疏伐出现的“林窗”补植乡土阔叶树为主、适度发展珍贵阔叶树以及观花、观叶、赏果的彩化树种,采取补植造林、调控密度、调整结构、封山育林相结合等一系列马尾松次生林改培措施,结合国家储备林建设抗逆性强的马尾松用材林,达到改善林分结构、提高森林质量、优化森林景观、增强森林服务功能的目的。In order to explore the management model of Pinus massoniana secondary forest after the infestation of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,1230 m×30 m samples were selected from key state-owned forest farms in Thou-sand-Island Lake area to investigate the pest trees.The damage loss status is analyzed,and the communities of shrub layer and herbaceous layer are classified.The management strategies of Pinus massoniana secondary forest in Thousand-island Lake are proposed according to local conditions.The secondary Pinus massoniana forest in Thousand-Island Lake has suffered heavy damage due to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus since 2018.Sample survey was conducted in April 2024.The average number of infected pine wood was 81 plant/hm^(2),with a cumulative loss of 47.37m^(3)/hm^(2).The individual age groups of infected pine wood ranged from young forest to over-mature forest.Mature forests are the most abundant,accounting for 51.72%;70.11%of the trees belong to the large(root)diam-eter group or above,becoming a devastating disaster.In a sense,most Pinus massoniana pure forests will once come to an end.At present,the secondary forest types of Pinus massoniana in Thousand-Island Lake include sin-gle-layer or multiple-layer mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and Schima superba,Castanopsis sclerophylla,Cy-clobalanopsis glauca,Lithocarpus glaber,multilayer forest of Pinus massoniana and Rhododendron carlesii,Ca-mellia fraterna,Eurya muricata,multilayer forest of Pinus massoniana and Quercus fabri,Q.serrata,Rhus chinen-sis,multilayer forest of Pinus massoniana and Dicranopteris dichotoma,Woodwardia japonica,Miscanthus sinen-sis and so on.In view of the current situation and requirements of Thousand-island Lake as a special ecological functional area,it is necessary to make full use of the"forest window"of pine disease wood to replant mainly n-ative broad-leaved trees,and appropriately develop precious broad-leaved trees and colorful tree species for flow-er,leaf and fruit viewing under the premise of protecting the target tree species.A s

关 键 词：马尾松 次生林 松材线虫病 经营模式 千岛湖区 

分 类 号：S763.18[农业科学—森林保护学]