大西洋世界与德国:德国对大西洋史兴趣的起源及发展  

The Atlantic World and Germany:The Origins and Development of German Interest in Atlantic History

作　　者：威廉·奥莱利 周衍丞(译) 陈博翼(校) William O'Reilly

机构地区：[1]英国剑桥大学 [2]厦门大学 [3]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2024年第2期45-71,共27页Studies of Maritime History

摘　　要：30余年来,“大西洋史”逐渐为人熟知,相关研究被称为“大西洋史”或“大西洋研究”。①一个过往被忽视的联动空间仿佛被首次揭开书写。①在大西洋两岸,乃至更多地方的大学都教授或研究大西洋史。它们试图跨越时间和地域,联结亚洲、非洲、美洲的土地与人民。19世纪末至20世纪后半叶,历史学科长期局限于欧洲史的主题和事件。对于大多数西方学者来说,希腊和罗马的“古典”历史被视为基石与开端,是唯一存在或最重要的文明形式。19世纪末,随着亚非拉地区帝国主义活动的兴起,欧洲国家对非欧洲世界的兴趣被再次点燃,历史学家和政治学家开始构想新的世界地缘政治秩序。20世纪初,学者们开始勾勒一个由欧洲和其大西洋西岸领土连接组成的世界,即“大西洋世界”。本文主要探讨德国“大西洋史”和“大西洋世界”概念的起源与发展,及其为何在今天仍然如此重要。For more than thirty years,Atlantic history has become a familiar concept in journals and monographs,with an ever-increasing body of scholarly work casting itself as“Atlantic History”or“Atlantic Studies”.It often appears as if a hither-to neglected connected space had been uncovered and charted for the first time.In universities across both shores of the Atlantic and even in more localized academic institutions,there are professors of Atlantic History at universities,teaching and researching topics who seek to connect,across time,people and places in the continents of Africa,Europe and the Americas.For much of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries,the“classical”past of Greece and Rome was regarded as both a foundational and beginning of west civilization,considered to be the only form of civilization that existed or that mattered.In the later nineteenth century,as some European states embarked on a new wave of colonialism and imperialism within Europe,in Africa,Asia and the Americas,interest in the non-European world was reignited and European historians and political scientists began to conceive of a new geopolitical ordering of the world.By the beginning of the twentieth century,scholars were beginning to write of a world of European communities and their territories along the western Atlantic sea board,connected by the Atlantic Ocean with territories in Africa and the Americas.This was the beginning of the concept of the Atlantic World.This article will focus on the origins of“Atlantic History”,the beginnings and development of ideas of“Atlantic systems”in Germany and why the concept remains important in Germany today.

关 键 词：德国史 大西洋史 史学史 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]