中世纪晚期英格兰的海盗问题与王权应对  

The Problem of Piracy and Royal Intervention in Late Medieval England

作　　者：胡佳竹 Hu Jiazhu

机构地区：[1]北京大学海洋研究院

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2024年第2期237-262,共26页Studies of Maritime History

摘　　要：海盗问题是大西洋史研究中的一个经典话题,近年又掀起研究热潮,但整体而言,对中世纪时期海盗问题的关注仍然稀缺。中世纪晚期活跃于北大西洋东岸的海盗,掌握着海事资源和航运技术,是战争时期西欧沿海各国进行海岸防御和跨海运输的重要依仗,远非布罗代尔笔下的社会边缘人物,更非西塞罗眼中的“人类公敌”。中世纪西欧的海盗问题与北大西洋东岸各国的贸易往来、战争进程、国防部署、外交战略密不可分,其所反映的并非传统视角下盗匪活动对政府权威和社会秩序的挑战,而是海上权力运作的基本模式。本文以中世纪晚期的英格兰为例,探究中世纪海盗问题的实质和王权应对的有限性与灵活性,运用丰富的史料来阐释中世纪王权与海港、海商势力在诸多领域的深度勾连,以便细化大航海时代前夕北大西洋东岸的海上活动图景,深入理解近代英国海洋政策的中世纪根基。The problem of piracy has long been a classic topic in the study of Atlantic history.Recent years have witnessed a resurgent wave of interest in this topic among maritime historians,while the medieval period has not received adequate attention.The alleged pirates operating along the East Coast of the North Atlantic,in fact,possessed abundant maritime resources and nautical skills,on which European coastal states heavily relied for shipping and coastal defence during wartime.Medieval pirates hardly represent social outcasts by Fernand Braudel,or the Ciceronian communis hostis omnium.The practice of piracy and the coping with it in medieval European society entangled with trade,warfare,national security,and diplomacy,mirroring not the dichotomy and confrontation between banditry and social order,but rather the way that power was exercised at sea.This article focuses on the case of late medieval England,exploring the nature of medieval European piracy,and also the reaction of royal authority with limitations and flexibility.By examining cases relating to latemedieval English piracy,this article aims to reveal the profound connection between royal authority and maritime localities in various aspects.It also seeks to contribute to a comprehensive view of maritime activities along the East Coast of the North Atlantic prior to the Age of Discovery,and enhance our understanding of the medieval origins of early modern English maritime policies.

关 键 词：中世纪晚期 英格兰 大西洋史 海盗问题 

分 类 号：G62[文化科学—教育学]