新世纪以来我国教师心理健康问题:检出率分析与应对  

The Mental Health Problems of Teachers in China in the New Century:Detection Rates and Coping Strategies

作　　者：俞国良[1] YU Guoliang(Institute of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学心理研究所,北京100872

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期73-84,共12页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国人民大学心理健康教育跨学科重大创新规划平台支持项目。

摘　　要：教师是立教之本,兴教之源,强国之根。为摸清我国1880多万教师心理健康问题检出率的“家底”,我们藉助元分析研究方法对此进行了系统研究。本研究检索时间为2000—2022年,以2000年进入新世纪作为教师心理健康问题的关键影响因素(社会转型或社会变迁),横跨22年。根据文献检索与筛选标准,1096篇纳入效应量的元分析,被试总人数573609名。结果表明,幼儿教师检出率较为突出心理健康问题是抑郁问题、强迫问题、焦虑问题;小学教师检出率较为突出心理健康问题是强迫问题、抑郁问题、躯体化问题和焦虑问题;中学教师检出率较为突出心理健康问题是睡眠问题、强迫问题、抑郁问题;大学教师检出率较为突出心理健康问题为睡眠问题、强迫问题、抑郁问题、焦虑问题。据此,提出解决教师心理健康问题需要打好“组合拳”,即国家层面政策先行、学校层面适度减负、家庭层面期望合理,以此扼制教师心理健康问题的恶化趋势,为高质量的教师队伍建设固本强基。Teachers are the foundation of education,the source of education development,and the root of national strength.We have examined the studies from 2000 to 2022 and utilized meta-analysis to systematically investigate the mental health problems among over 18.8 million teachers in China,with the beginning of the new century starting from 2000 as the key influencing factor of teachers mental health problems(social transformation or social change).Based on literature search and selection criteria,1096 studies were included in the meta-analysis,encompassing a total of 573609 participants.The results have indicated:For preschool teachers,the prevalence of mental health problems,from highest to lowest,includes depression,compulsion,anxiety,somatization,hostility,and paranoia.For primary school teachers,their problems.are compulsion,depression,somatization,anxiety,hostility,and paranoia.For middle school teachers,their problems are sleep problems,compulsion,depression,anxiety,paranoia,hostility,and somatization.For college teachers,their problems are sleep problems,compulsion,depression,anxiety,somatization,paranoia,and hostility.Based on these findings,the paper proposes a comprehensive approach to address teachers'psychological health issues.The approach includes advancing policy initiatives at the national level,reducing their burdens at the school level,and setting reasonable expectations at the family level.This strategy aims to curb the worsening trend of teachers'psychological health,thereby strengthening the foundation for high-quality teacher workforce development.

关 键 词：教师 教师群体 检出率 心理健康问题 心理健康教育 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学]