外泌体非编码RNA在骨肉瘤转移中的研究进展  

Research progress of exosome-deriveds non-coding RNA in osteosarcoma metastasis

作　　者：胡雪梅 潘宝龙[1] 白萤萤 杨洋[1] HU Xuemei;PAN Baolong;BAI Yingying;YANG Yang(Department of Clinical Laboratory,the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学第六附属医院医学检验科,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2025年第1期122-126,共5页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81960487)。

摘　　要：骨肉瘤(OS)是一种好发于儿童和青少年的原发性骨恶性肿瘤,其具有进展快、恶性程度高、易转移的特点。骨肉瘤的转移常在疾病早期就已发生,主要转移部位为肺部,是治疗失败和预后差的主要原因之一。外泌体是由多种细胞分泌的、能在多种体液中找到的细胞外囊泡,直径为40~160 nm,具有细胞间通讯以及维持细胞结构的功能。外泌体中包含多种生物活性物质,如蛋白质、脂质、mRNA和ncRNA等,其中ncRNA在通过细胞间通讯致使骨肉瘤远端转移方面发挥着十分关键的作用。MiRNA、lncRNA以及circRNA是目前研究较多的ncRNA,其能在多个分子水平对影响骨肉瘤转移的相关分子进行调控。外泌体ncRNA在骨肉瘤中表达水平可发生升高或降低,能通过提高骨肉瘤细胞的侵袭和迁移能力、诱导上皮间充质转化、促进血管生成、激活相关信号通路等调控骨肉瘤的进展与转移。在骨肉瘤耐药方面,外泌体能够通过传递ncRNA,诱导敏感细胞耐药。同时,由于外泌体自身独特的生物学特性,作为骨肉瘤诊断、预后和转移等生物标志物方面非常具有应用潜力。近年来,外泌体ncRNA在骨肉瘤的机制研究与临床应用中发挥着十分重要的作用。本文就外泌体ncRNA在骨肉瘤转移、化疗耐药以及作为潜在相关生物标志物中的作用进行综述,以期为骨肉瘤转移的机制研究、治疗及预后等提供参考。Osteosarcoma(OS)is a malignant bone tumor primarily affects in children and adolescents,characterized by rapid progression,high malignancy,and easy metastasis.Metastasis of osteosarcoma often occurs in the early stage of the disease,with the lungs being the primary site of spread,contributing significantly to treatment failure and poor prognosis.Exosomes,extracellular vesicles ranging from 40 to 160 nm in diameter,are secreted by a variety of cells and present in numerous body fluids.They play key roles in intercellular communication and maintaining cell structure.Exosomes contain many bioactive substances,such as protein,lipids,mRNA,and ncRNA,which plays a key role in the distant metastasis of osteosarcoma through intercellular signaling.Among the various ncRNAs,miRNA,lncRNA,and circRNA have been widely studied for their roles in regulating osteosarcoma metastasis at multiple molecular levels.The expression levels of exosomal ncRNA in osteosarcoma can either be increased or decreased,influencing tumor progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma by improving cell invasion and migration,inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition,promoting angiogenesis,and activating related signal pathways.In terms of drug resistance,exosomes can induce drug resistance in sensitive cells by transmitting ncRNA.Due to their unique biological characteristics,exosomes hold great potential as biomarkers for diagnosis,prognosis,and osteosarcoma metastasis.In recent years,exosomal ncRNAs gained considerable attetion in the mechanistic study and clinical application of osteosarcoma.This paper reviews the role of exosomal ncRNA in osteosarcoma metastasis,chemotherapy resistance,and as a potential biomarker,in order to provide insights into the mechanisms,treatment strategies,and prognosis of osteosarcoma metastasis.

关 键 词：非编码RNA 骨肉瘤 转移 外泌体 肿瘤微环境 

分 类 号：R738.1[医药卫生—肿瘤]