文本误读与“英雄”的诞生——“绰克图台吉摩崖诗”跋文新释  

Misreading the Text and the Birth of a Hero: A New Interpretation of the Postscript to the Stone Inscription of Choktu Taiji

作　　者：乌云毕力格 Oyunbilig Borjigidai(Institute for Advanced Study in National Philology and Classics,Inner Mongolia University)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学民族古典学高等研究院,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《清史研究》2025年第1期47-56,共10页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学专项研究专项学术团队项目“明代西域多语种文本与国内民族交流史研究”(21VJXT017)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：绰克图台吉摩崖位于蒙古国中部,镌刻于1624年。摩崖包括绰克图台吉的一首抒情诗和镌刻者的跋文,其中有一句蒙古语mongγol-un qutuγtu qaγan-u u?ira,以往学者们解读其为“因蒙古呼图克图汗之缘故”,并以此为主要依据,认为绰克图台吉与蒙古林丹汗建立了政治同盟,一致反对满洲,是一位民族英雄。但是,研究者们对跋文文本的解读有误,mongγol-un qutuγtu qaγan-u u?ira的确切含义是“在蒙古呼图克图汗之时”,跋文记载的仅仅是镌刻该摩崖的具体时间。本文重新解读跋文,指出绰克图台吉摩崖诗只是一篇抒情诗,作者为怀念其远方的姑母而作。蒙古国抬到神台上作为民族英雄的“新绰克图台吉”是国际学者的文本误读、部分学者的不科学非学术行为和历史上蒙古国家的文化霸权共同培育的怪胎。(1)The stone inscription of Choktu Taiji(1581-1637), located in Central Mongolia, is regarded as one of the most iconic and significant symbols of Mongolian script and literature. The main inscription, dated 1624, is a poem carved into the rock, composed by Prince Choktu, and is followed by a postscript written by the carver. The postscript includes a sentence in Old Mongolic,which reads: mongγol-un qutuγtu qaγan-u u?ira. This phrase is typically interpreted as “because of the Mongolian khutuktu khan,” and this understanding has served as the primary evidence for an alleged political alliance between Choktu Taiji and Ligden Khan(ruled 1604-1635). This interpretation is further viewed as indicative of Choktu Taiji's ongoing opposition to the Manchus,thereby transforming his image into that of a national hero of Mongolia. This paper offers a new reading of the poem along with a philological analysis, concluding that the so-called “poem on the rock” is simply a lyrical composition in which Choktu Taiji laments his long-lost aunt. On one hand, Choktu Taiji was a member of the Khalkha aristocracy and a devoted Buddhist with literary talent;on the other, he instigated revolts and was once exiled. Ultimately, the designation of Choktu Taiji as a national hero of Mongolia is an erroneous byproduct of a combination of misinterpretations by international scholarship, along with the efforts of individuals—both scholarly and non-scholarly—seeking cultural hegemony over Mongolian history.

关 键 词：绰克图台吉摩崖 u?ira的词义 文本误读 

分 类 号：K289[历史地理—历史学]