市场结构、创新收益供应链分配与产业发展  

Market Structure, Allocation of Innovation Gains in Supply Chains and Industrial Development

作　　者：孟珊珊 李艳[2,3] 杨汝岱[1] MENG Shanshan;LI Yan;YANG Rudai(School of Economics,Peking University;National Institute for Fiscal Studies,Tsinghua University;School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院,100871 [2]清华大学中国财政税收研究所,100084 [3]清华大学经济管理学院,100084

出　　处：《经济研究》2024年第12期58-76,共19页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(23BJL084、20AZD072);国家自科基金项目(72403009、42471188)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自由进入和竞争是市场经济的核心理念,这对于减少扭曲、促进增长至为重要。本文在一个简洁的理论模型中,讨论了不同市场结构下创新收益供应链分配的差异,并以2010—2021年中国企业供应链数据为基础验证了模型的推断。第一,市场上存在创新收益供应链分配现象,市场力量较强的企业会获得更多的产业链创新收益。第二,不同的市场结构下,创新收益供应链分配存在很大的差异。地方行政垄断使得市场力量较强企业能获得更多的供应链创新收益,市场准入限制使得垄断企业创新动力不足,不利于整体产业发展;竞争性垄断程度较高的企业也会获得更多收益,但后续的创新集聚会使得行业规模不断扩大、行业竞争力不断提升,关联企业有更大的发展空间。本文研究表明,减少地方保护、形成全国统一大市场对于扩大供应链溢出效应有重要意义,以市场自由进入为基础而形成的竞争性垄断企业,对扩大全产业链规模、促进就业、提高全产业竞争力有重要作用。The continuous development of globalization and technological advancements have increasingly highlighted the importance of economies of scale. Intense competition and allocation effects within and between industries lead to the growing dominance of leading firms, enhancing their influence on the industry and the broader economy. This paper investigates whether firms with greater market power, particularly those in monopolistic positions, “capture” the profits of related enterprises. It also discusses how this allocation of innovation gains affects related enterprises and the entire industry under different monopoly types. Firstly, the study finds evidence of allocation of innovation gains in supply chains, with firms possessing greater market power securing a larger share of the innovation gains. Secondly, there are significant differences in the allocation of innovation gains across various market structures. Local administrative monopolies allow firms with greater market power to obtain more benefits, but market entry restrictions reduce the innovation incentives of firms,which is detrimental to industrial development. Firms in competitive monopoly environments exhibit enhanced innovation gains, fostering innovation clustering. This clustering drives industry expansion, strengthens competitiveness, and provides broader development opportunities for related enterprises. In natural monopoly scenarios, where pricing power is large with the central government, decisions tend to consider the overall interests of the industrial chain, and no significant “capture” phenomenon is observed. The research highlights the importance of reducing local protectionism and building a unified national market to enhance the spillover effects and leverage the advantages of the super-large economy. Additionally, competitive monopolies, arising from free market entry, play a crucial role in expanding the scale of the entire industrial chain, boosting employment, and improving the overall competitiveness of the industry.The res

关 键 词：供应链 市场结构 创新收益分配 产业发展 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]