税收征管数字化与企业集团的利润转移行为——来自金税三期工程的证据  

Digital Tax Administration and Profit-shifting Behaviors of Corporate Groups: Evidence from the Golden Tax Phase Ⅲ Project

作　　者：张旭飞 方红生[1] ZHANG Xufei;FANG Hongsheng(School of Economics,Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院,310058

出　　处：《经济研究》2024年第12期113-129,共17页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“有利于共同富裕的税收制度改革研究”(23ZDA020)的资助。

摘　　要：本文旨在研究以金税三期工程为代表的税收征管数字化建设期间,企业集团的利润转移行为。为此,从治理效应和激励效应两个层面对税收征管数字化影响企业集团利润转移的背后机制进行理论分析,并结合现实背景提出理论假说。基于地区层面和上市企业集团数据对假说进行检验,研究发现:(1)企业集团会利用金税三期工程试点和非试点地区的税收征管能力差异这一契机实施利润转移,在考虑了竞争性假说后这一结论仍然成立;(2)企业集团的利润转移主要通过内部企业间日常经营性交易、资金交易、租赁交易实现;(3)此类利润转移行为在征纳合谋较弱、审计约束较小、治理结构更易协调策略、市场份额较大、内部公司分布更广泛的企业集团中更为明显;(4)在金税三期实施后利润转移总规模达到1537.886亿元,平均每年转移393.471亿元,利润转移规模占比最高达12.690%;(5)随着金税三期工程的实施,地区间税收征管能力的差异和由此导致的企业集团利润转移行为会逐渐减少。本文为深化税收征管数字化改革、推进金税四期工程建设提供了重要启示。The Golden Tax PhaseⅢ(GTPⅢ)project,a key initiative in digitizing tax administration in China,has significantly strengthened tax enforcement and improved the transparency of tax information.These advancements have been instrumental in reducing corporate tax evasion and promoting compliance.However,the phased rollout of the GTPⅢprojects—starting in pilot regions before nationwide implementation—has created disparities in enforcement capabilities between pilot and non-pilot regions.This uneven application has enabled corporate groups to exploit these gaps for profit shifting.This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the issue through both theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence.The study begins by exploring how digital tax administration affects corporate groups'profit shifting,focusing on the“governance effects”and“incentive effects”.Based on the real-world context,we develop theoretical hypotheses.Using data from listed corporate groups between 2009 and 2016,we identify the geographic locations of parent and subsidiary firms to empirically test these hypotheses.The regression results show that corporate groups shift profits from subsidiaries in pilot regions—where the GTPⅢproject is implemented—to subsidiaries in non-pilot regions,thereby increasing the group's overall profits for tax evasion purposes.Further analysis reveals that profit shifting mainly occurs through intra-group operational transactions,financial dealings,and leasing arrangements.An analysis of the heterogeneity of corporate tax avoidance characteristics reveals that profit-shifting behavior is more pronounced in corporate groups where collusion between taxpayers and tax authorities is weaker,audit constraints are looser,governance structures are more conducive to coordinated strategies,market share is larger,and internal subsidiaries are more widely distributed.The estimation of the profit-shifting scale shows that after the implementation of the GTPⅢproject,corporate groups have shifted a total of 153.79 bil

关 键 词：税收征管数字化 金税三期工程 利润转移 企业集团 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]