基于随机森林的光伏直流侧串联电弧故障检测方法  

Series arc fault detection method for photovoltaic DC side based on random forest

作　　者：李伟军 李天友 苏俊 LI Weijun;LI Tianyou;SU Jun(College of Electrical Enginneering and Automation,Xiamen University of Technology,Xiamen 361000,China;Xiamen Key Laboratory of Frontier Electric Power Equipment and Intelligent Control,Xiamen 361000,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门理工学院电气工程与自动化学院,福建厦门361000 [2]厦门市高端电力装备及智能控制重点实验室,福建厦门361000

出　　处：《供用电》2025年第2期108-115,共8页Distribution & Utilization

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J05284)。

摘　　要：随着国内光伏产业不断发展及光伏装机容量不断增加,光伏电站频繁发生火灾,其火灾的诱因常为直流电弧故障,因此,可靠的光伏电站直流电弧故障检测方法对保障光伏发电系统的安全、可靠运行具有现实意义。针对光伏阵列直流串联电弧故障,基于随机森林算法提出一种检测光伏并网直流串联电弧故障的方法,基于Simulink平台搭建光伏串联电弧故障仿真模型,获取串联电弧故障数据,对比正常组串与串联电弧故障组串的差异,并利用统计学对直流串联电弧故障数据进行分析并提取特征量作为训练集,用特征量训练随机森林模型建立光伏串联电弧故障诊断模型,并利用厦门某企业屋顶光伏项目现场发生串联电弧故障前后逆变器采集的各组串电压数据作为测试集进行验证,经实际串联电弧故障的逆变器组串数据验证该方法能够有效地识别直流串联电弧故障,并且受外界因素的影响较小,其检测方法的稳定性较好。With the continuous development of the domestic photovoltaic industry and the increasing installed capacity of photovoltaic systems,photovoltaic power stations frequently experience fires,with the main cause being direct current arc faults.Therefore,a reliable method for detecting DC arc faults in photovoltaic power stations is of practical significance to ensure the safe and reliable operation of photovoltaic systems.For DC series arc faults in PV arrays,this paper proposes a method to detect DC series arc faults in grid-connected PV based on the Random Forest algorithm.A simulation model for photovoltaic serial arc faults is built on the Simulink platform to obtain fault data,analyze the differences between normal and faulted string groups,extract feature quantities from the statistical analysis of the fault data,and use them as a training set to establish a photovoltaic serial arc fault diagnosis model using Random Forest.The method is validated using voltage data collected from string groups of an inverter before and after a serial arc fault occurred at a rooftop photovoltaic project in Xiamen.The results show that the method can effectively identify direct current serial arc faults and is less affected by external factors,demonstrating good stability in fault detection.

关 键 词：直流电弧 随机森林 特征提取 电弧检测 光伏系统 

分 类 号：TM93[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]