三种典型农药对唐鱼的急性毒性效应  

Acute toxicity of three representative pesticides on finfish Tanichthys albonubes

作　　者：王霜霜 韦智彬 陈本亮 钟萍[1] 徐宁[1] WANG Shuangshuang;WEI Zhibin;CHEN Benliang;ZHONG Ping;XU Ning(Research Center of Hydrobiology,Department of Ecology,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;Guangzhou Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Center,Guangzhou 510405,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学生态学系水生生物研究中心,广州510632 [2]广州市水生野生动物救护中心,广州510405

出　　处：《生态科学》2024年第6期180-186,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41576159)。

摘　　要：益霖薇净(24%氨氯吡啶酸水剂)、紫薇清(16%2,4-D-8%二氯吡啶酸水剂)和0.2%高效氯氰菊酯是农林业生产中常用的农药,但其对水生生物安全性仍不清楚。以国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)为研究对象,采用静态试验法测定三种农药对唐鱼的急性半致死浓度(LC50),通过分析三种农药对唐鱼内脏团组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,发现益霖薇净、紫薇清和0.2%高效氯氰菊酯对唐鱼96 h LC50分别为271.70 mg·L^(-1)、1022.77 mg·L^(-1)和63.37 mg·L^(-1)。0.2%高效氯氰菊酯对唐鱼的急性毒性最强,其次为益霖薇净和紫薇清,且这三种农药的毒性等级均为低毒性。氧化应激指标结果显示:较低浓度下,3种农药在暴露前期诱导唐鱼内脏团SOD活性升高,在暴露后期表现为SOD活性抑制或恢复到正常水平。益霖薇净在暴露前期唐鱼内脏团CAT活性升高,在暴露后期呈现低浓度促进、高浓度抑制。紫薇清和0.2%高效氯氰菊酯表现为24 h CAT活性受到抑制,之后活性升高。此外,三种农药可能引起唐鱼内脏团MDA含量升高,对唐鱼造成氧化损伤。该研究结果为农药的生态风险评估和环境安全管理提供了理论依据。Picloram,2,4-D-Clopyralid,and 0.2%Beta cypermethrin are commonly used pesticides in agriculture and forestry However,there are few studies on the safety of the three pesticides to aquatic organisms.In this study,national second-grade protected animal Tanichthys albonubes was used as the research subject.Acute median lethal concentration(LC50)of the pesticides on finfish T.albonubes was determined by static experiments,and the effects of the pesticides on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the visceral mass of T.albonubes were also investigated.The results showed that 96 h LC50 values of Picloram,2,4-D-Clopyralid,and 0.2%Beta cypermethrin for T.albonubes were 271.70 mg·L^(-1),1022.77 mg·L^(-1),and 63.37 mg·L^(-1),respectively.The acute toxicity order of the three pesticides to T.albonubes is 0.2%Beta-cypermethrin,Picloram and 2,4-D-Clopyralid,and the toxicity level is all relatively low.The results of oxidative stress indicators showed that SOD activity in the visceral masses of T.albonubes increased in most treatments during the early stage of exposure,while SOD activity was inhibited or returned to normal levels in the later stage of exposure.In the early stage of exposure to Picloram,the CAT activity in the visceral mass of T.albonubes increased,and it had hormesis-effect in low concentration and inhibition-effect in high concentration at the later stage of exposure.2,4-D-Clopyralid and 0.2%Beta cypermethrin induced inhibition of CAT activity after 24 hours,and followed by an increase.In addition,the three pesticides may cause an increase in MDA content in the visceral of T.albonubes,indicating oxidative damage to T.albonubes.The result provides theoretical basis for the ecological risk assessment and environmental safety management of studied pesticides.

关 键 词：益霖薇净 紫薇清 高效氯氰菊酯 唐鱼 急性毒性 氧化损伤 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]