烟草黑胫病拮抗菌的筛选鉴定及抑菌活性分析  

Screening,identification and bacteriostatic activity of a bacterial strain against tobacco black shank

作　　者：王亚月 贾方方 常栋[2] 李俊营 何晓冰 许跃奇 孟迪 邵璇 WANG Yayue;JIA Fangfang;CHANG Dong;LI Junying;HE Xiaobing;XU Yueqi;MENG Di;SHAO Xuan(College of Biology and Food,Shangqiu Normal University,Shangqiu 476000,Henan,China;Pingdingshan Branch,Henan Provincial Tobacco Company,Pingdingshan 467000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]商丘师范学院生物与食品学院,河南省商丘市476000 [2]河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司,河南省平顶山市467000

出　　处：《烟草科技》2025年第1期52-60,共9页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司科技项目“基于烟草根茎类病害防治的菌肥研发及配套技术研究”(PYKJ202101);河南省烟草公司平顶山市科技项目“烟草主要根茎类病害防治的微生物肥料产品创制与应用”(PYKJ202403);中国烟草总公司河南省公司创新项目“烟草主要根茎类病害生防微生物代谢产物挖掘及开发应用”(2024410000240031)。

摘　　要：为有效防治烟草黑胫病,从健康烟草植株根系中筛选到1株高效生防菌株M04,通过平板对峙试验测定其对烟草疫霉菌的抑菌活性,并通过盆栽与大田试验测定其对烟草黑胫病的防治效果;菌株M04经形态特征与生理生化特征分析以及16S rRNA基因序列分析确定其种属;同时测定温度、pH值与紫外线处理对菌株M04拮抗菌液抑菌活性的影响。结果表明,菌株M04在平板对峙试验中抑菌率为76.4%;盆栽与大田试验中均表现出较高相对防效,分别为82.5%和82.2%。根据形态与生理生化特征及系统发育分析,确定菌株M04为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)。菌株M04拮抗菌液经80℃处理0.5 h抑菌率为44.8%;拮抗菌液在pH值2~12环境中静置24 h及经紫外线照射12 h抑菌率高于55.0%。菌株M04经50次传代培养后仍能够保持较高抑菌活性。可见,贝莱斯芽胞杆菌菌株M04具有防治烟草黑胫病的潜力。To effectively control tobacco black shank,a bacterial strain M04,with high biocontrol efficacy was screened from healthy tobacco rhizosphere soil.The bacteriostatic activity against Phytophthora nicotianae was determined by plate confrontation assays,and the control efficacy of strain M04 against tobacco black shank was determined by pot and field tests.Strain M04 was identified by analyzing its morphology,physiological and biochemical characteristics,and 16S rRNA gene sequence.The effects of temperature,pH and UV on the bacteriostatic activity of strain M04 were investigated.The results showed that the bacteriostatic activity of strain M04 against Phytophthora nicotianae in plate confrontation assay was 76.4%,and high relative control efficacy was observed in pot and field tests,which were 82.5%and 82.2%,respectively.Strain M04 was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on its morphology,physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis results.Bacteriostatic activity of antagonistic solution of strain M04 still presented 44.8%after treatment under 80℃for 0.5 h,and higher than 55.0%after treatment under pH 2-12 for 24 h with ultraviolet irradiation for 12 h.Strain M04 still presented high bacteriostatic activity after subculture for 50 times.In conclusion,B.velezensis strain M04 has the potential to control tobacco black shank.

关 键 词：烟草黑胫病 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌 生物防治 防治效果 抑菌活性 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]