耕作方式和生物炭用量对冬小麦产量、土壤氮碳的影响  

Effects of Tillage Methods and Biochar Application Rates on Yield of Winter Wheat and Nitrogen and Carbon Statusin Soil

作　　者：陈海情 张凯[3] 黄超 王鹏飞 孟晔 安佳慧 刘栩辰 马守田 王兴鹏[1] 刘战东[2] CHEN Haiqing;ZHANG Kai;HUANG Chao;WANG Pengfei;MENG Ye;AN Jiahui;LIU Xuchen;MA Shoutian;WANG Xingpeng;LIU Zhandong(College of Water Resource and Architecture Engineering,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300,China;Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang,Henan 453002,China;College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;College of Life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,Henan 453000,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [3]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州.450002 [4]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第2期224-233,共10页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32101851);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY101600);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP);河南省重点研发与推广专项(222102110163)。

摘　　要：为探讨旋耕和深松条件下生物炭施用量对冬小麦产量和土壤碳氮的影响,探寻冬小麦最佳耕作方式和生物炭施用量组合,2021-2023年通过二因素随机区组试验,设置旋耕和深松两种耕作方式,以及0、4.5和9 t·hm^(-2)三个生物炭施用水平,比较分析了不同处理间冬小麦产量和土壤碳氮的差异。结果表明,耕作方式和生物炭施用量对麦田土壤硝态氮残留量、总碳含量、全氮含量和微生物量碳、氮含量均有显著影响,两者的交互作用对土壤全氮含量和微生物量碳含量的影响分别在2022和2023年均达到显著水平。在0~20 cm土层,与旋耕相比,深松下土壤总碳含量和全氮含量分别提高13.9%和29.5%,同时深松对20~30 cm土层土壤微生物量碳、氮含量均有促进作用,使土壤硝态氮残留量显著降低8.5%。与不施生物炭相比,施用生物炭对0~30 cm土层土壤微生物量碳、氮含量均有促进作用,并减少0~50 cm土层土壤硝态氮残留量,使总碳和全氮含量增加22.4%和6.7%。在2022和2023年,深松下冬小麦产量较旋耕均显著增加,增幅分别为15.8%和12.0%,其中SSB2处理产量均最高。综合分析表明,深松+9 t·hm^(-2)生物炭效果最好,是高产和提高土壤肥力的耕作与生物碳施用组合,可以应用推广。To explore the effects of biochar application rates under rotary tillage and deep loosening conditions on winter wheat yield and carbon and nitrogen status in soil,a two-factor randomized block experiment was set up by establishing two tillage methods(rotary tillage and deep loosening)and three biochar application rates of 0,4.5,and 9 t·hm^(-2).The differences in winter wheat yield and soil carbon and nitrogen were comparatively analyzed among different treatments.The results indicated that both tillage method and biochar application rate had significant impact on soil nitrate nitrogen residue,total carbon,total nitrogen,and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content in wheat field.The interaction between the two factors reached significant levels for soil total nitrogen and microbial carbon in both 2022 and 2023.In the 0-20 cm soil layer,compared to rotary tillage,deep loosening increased soil total carbon content and total nitrogen content by 13.9%and 29.5%,respectively.Additionally,deep loosening promoted the microbial carbon and nitrogen content in the 20-30 cm soil layer,leading to a significant decrease in soil nitrate nitrogen residue by 8.5%.Compared to no biochar application,the application of biochar had a promoting effect on the microbial carbon and nitrogen content in the 0-30 cm soil layer.It also reduced soil nitrate nitrogen residue in the 0-50 cm soil layer,with total carbon and total nitrogen content increased by 22.4%and 6.7%,respectively.In 2022 and 2023,winter wheat yield significantly increased under deep loosening compared to that under rotary tillage,with increase rate of 15.8%and 12.0%,respectively.Among them,the deep loosening with 9 t hm^(-2) biochar application had the highest yield.Comprehensive analysis indicated that deep loosening combined with 9 t·hm^(-2) biochar had the best effect,serving as a cultivation and biochar application combination for high yield and improved soil fertility,which is suitable for application and promotion.

关 键 词：施用生物炭 耕作方式 冬小麦 产量 土壤碳 土壤氮 

分 类 号：S278[农业科学—农业水土工程]