现代化进程中我国乡村教育政策的演进脉络、变迁特征与优化路径——基于1987—2022年《教育部工作要点》的文本研究  

Evolution,Characteristics,and Optimization of Rural Education Policy in China's Modernization Process:A Textual Study Based on the Key Points of the Work of the Ministry of Education from 1987 to 2022

作　　者：黄欢 李祥[2] HUANG Huan;LI Xiang(School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China;College of Education,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210097 [2]贵州师范大学教育学院,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《西南大学学报(社会科学版)》2024年第6期117-130,共14页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：贵州省哲学社会科学规划青年课题“贵州乡村小规模学校特色发展路径研究”(21GZQN33),项目负责人:黄欢。

摘　　要：厘清我国乡村教育政策的演进脉络与变迁特征对推进中国式乡村教育现代化发展具有现实意义。以1987—2022年《教育部工作要点》为分析对象,基于“三维六要素”框架,运用文本分析法梳理36年来乡村教育政策关注点发现,我国乡村教育政策经历了平稳改革、快速发展、系统推进三个阶段。从内容变迁上看,机制改革要素是政策关注重点,呈现出问题延续性与过程完整性;教育公平、学校建设、师资建设三要素关注渐增,呈现出制度补偿性与需求差异性;检测评估要素关注低下,呈现出项目时效性等特征。从价值变迁上看,乡村教育政策经历了从效率优先到侧重公平、从注重秩序到关注自由、从偏重外延发展到强调内涵建设的过程。基于文本分析,今后完善乡村教育政策内容体系,需革新要素意涵,优化教育公平与服务乡村内容体系;拓宽建设思路,突破师资建设的路径依赖;关注乡村差异,注重乡村教育质量检测评估的制度引领。To clarify the evolution and changing characteristics of China's rural education policy is of practical significant implications for advancing the modernization of rural education with Chinese characteristics.Using the Ministry of Education's Work Points from 1987 to 2022 as the subject and employing a“three-dimensional and six elements”framework and text research,this study examines the key areas of focus within rural education policies over the past 36 years.The findings reveal that China's rural education policies have undergone three distinct phases:steady reform,rapid development,and systematic advancement.The content analysis method is used to investigate the distribution of rural education policy concerns in the past 35 years.Regarding content evolution,the mechanism reform element has consistently been a central focus,exhibiting both continuity comprehension throughout the policy process.Elements such as educational equity,school infrastructure,and teacher development have gained increasing attention,reflecting the compensatory institution and different needs of rural areas.The assessment and evaluation element has received comparatively less attention,suggesting a focus on the efficiency.In terms of value changes the rural education policy has experienced a process of prioritizing the efficiency to fairness,from order to freedom,from focusing educational extension to emphasizing the quality enhancement.To improve the content system of rural education policy,it is necessary to polish the innovative elements,optimize educational equity to serve the rural areas.Additionally,broadening construction strategies and overcoming path dependencies in teacher development are crucial.Lastly,it should be recognized that the diversity within rural areas and prioritizing the development of robust assessment and evaluation mechanisms for rural education quality are essential for continued progress.

关 键 词：乡村教育现代化 乡村教育政策 教育部工作要点 政策变迁 

分 类 号：G520[文化科学—教育学]