适用于物联网的区块链轻量化技术综述  

Review of blockchain lightweight technology applied to internet of things

作　　者：陈姿芊 牛科迪 姚中原 斯雪明 CHEN Ziqian;NIU Kedi;YAO Zhongyuan;SI Xueming(The Frontier Information Technology Research Institute,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou Henan 450007,China;Henan International Joint Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Sharing(Zhongyuan University of Technology),Zhengzhou Henan 450007,China)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院前沿信息技术研究院,郑州450007 [2]河南省区块链与数据共享国际联合实验室(中原工学院),郑州450007

出　　处：《计算机应用》2024年第12期3688-3698,共11页journal of Computer Applications

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“区块链”专项(2023YFB2703600)。

摘　　要：区块链技术凭借去中心化和加密等特性被用于物联网(IoT),然而传统区块链在IoT环境下存在扩展性差、延迟高、密码组件消耗高、共识计算复杂和数据存储规模大等问题。针对传统区块链在IoT设备中性能不佳的问题,对区块链轻量化技术进行综述。首先,将区块链架构分为单链结构和有向无环图(DAG)结构,并比较了两类区块链架构中的轻量化操作;其次,从迭代结构、压缩函数和硬件实现方面分析轻量级hash函数;再次,介绍共识算法和存储中的轻量化方案;最后,结合文献调研成果归纳总结区块链轻量化技术的设计思路,展望未来的研究方向。Blockchain technology is used in Internet of Things(IoT)due to its characteristics of decentralization and encryption.However,the traditional blockchain has problems such as poor scalability,high latency,high consumption of cryptographic components,complex consensus computing and large data storage scale in IoT environment.In view of the poor performance of traditional blockchain in IoT devices,the lightweight technology of blockchain was reviewed.Firstly,the blockchain architectures were divided into single-chain structure and Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)structure,and the lightweight operations in the two types of blockchain architectures were compared.Secondly,the lightweight hash function was analyzed from the perspectives of iterative structure,compression function and hardware implementation.Thirdly,the consensus algorithms and the lightweight schemes in storage were introduced.Finally,the design ideas of blockchain lightweight technology were summarized based on the literature research results,and the future research directions were prospected.

关 键 词：区块链 物联网 轻量化 HASH函数 共识算法 存储可扩展性 

分 类 号：TP311.13[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]