造船作业人员颈部与下背部职业性肌肉骨骼疾患影响因素研究  

Study on influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in neck and lower back among shipbuilding workers

作　　者：何易楠 彭志恒 陈西峰[5] 王忠旭 贾宁[6] 王致[1,4] HE Yinan;PENG Zhiheng;CHEN Xifeng;WANG Zhongxu;JIA Ning;WANG Zhi(Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health,Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510620,China;Department of Occupational Health Management,Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510620,China;Occupational Health Evaluation and Testing Center,Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510620,China;Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health,Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510620,China;Sqfety and Environmental Supervision Department,Dalian COSCO Shipping Heawy Industry Co.,Ltd.,Dalian,Liaoning 116000,China;Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市第十二人民医院职业环境与健康重点实验室,广东广州510620 [2]广州市职业病防治院职业卫生管理科,广东广州510620 [3]广州市职业病防治院职业卫生评价检测中心,广东广州510620 [4]广州市职业病防治院职业环境与健康重点实验室,广东广州510620 [5]大连中远海运重工有限公司安全环境监督部,辽宁大连116000 [6]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第23期3169-3174,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：中国疾控中心职业卫生所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定(131031109000160004);广州市科学技术局重点研发计划项目(202206010061);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(2021—2023年);广州市市校(院)企联合资助专题(广州市职业环境与健康重点实验室)(2023A03J0502);广州市卫生健康科技项目(20231A011058);广州市科技计划项目(2024A03J0432)。

摘　　要：目的了解造船作业人员颈部与下背部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)的相关影响因素。方法2023年3—12月采用便利抽样法,选择广东省和辽宁省内2032名造船作业人员作为调查对象,采用《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》调查其颈部和下背部WMSDs的患病情况,并对数据进行分析。结果2032名造船工作人员颈部与下背部WMSDs患病率分别为21.5%和16.9%,经常替同事上班、经常/频繁以不舒服姿势和颈部不良作业姿势作业者,其罹患颈部WMSDs的风险分别高于不经常替同事上班、很少/有时以不舒服姿势和颈部不良作业姿势作业者(均P<0.05);10年以上工龄者罹患下背部WMSDs的风险高于5年以下工龄者,且工龄越长者罹患下背部WMSDs的风险越高(P<0.05),体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)指数异常、无体育锻炼、经常加班、需要上肢或手用力、经常/频繁以不舒服姿势和下背部不良作业姿势作业者罹患下背部WMSDs的风险均较高(均P<0.05)。结论职业因素与个体因素对造船作业人员罹患颈部和下背部WMSDs产生一定的影响,改善不良工效学姿势、合理排班和适当的体育锻炼有利于降低WMSDs患病风险。Objective To investigate the related influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)in neck and lower back among shipbuilding workers.Methods From March to December 2023,a convenience sampling method was used to select 2032 shipbuilding workers from Guangdong Province and Liaoning Province as the survey subjects.The"Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire"was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs in their neck and lower back,and the data were analyzed.Results The prevalence of neck and lower back WMSDs among 2032 shipbuilding worker were 21.5%and 16.9%,respectively.Workers who frequently worked for colleagues,often/frequently worked in uncomfortable postures and poor neck postures had a higher risk of developing neck WMSDs compared to those who did not frequently work for colleagues,rarely/sometimes worked in uncomfortable postures and poor neck postures(all P<0.05).The risk of lower back WMSDs was higher in workers with a length of service more than 10 years compared with workers with less than 5 years of service,and the longer the work experience,the higher the risk of developing lower back WMSDs(P<0.05).Workers with abnormal body mass index(BMI)index,lack of physical exercise,frequent overtime,need for upper limb or hand exertion,frequent/frequent use of uncomfortable postures,and poor working posture in the lower back had a higher risk of developing lower back WMSDs(all P<0.05).Conclusion The neck and lower back WMSDs of shipbuilding workers may be influenced by occupational factors and individual factors.Improving poor ergonomic posture,reasonable scheduling and appropriate physical exercise can reduce the risk of WMSDs.

关 键 词：工作相关 肌肉骨骼疾患 颈部 下背部 造船厂 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]