tDCS对甲基苯丙胺成瘾者执行功能和药物渴求的影响  

The effects of tDCS on executive function and drug craving in methamphetamine addicts

作　　者：王玮[1,2] WANG Wei(Department of Drug Prohibition,China Criminal Police University,Shenyang 110035,China;Key Laboratory of Drug Control Technology in Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110035,China)

机构地区：[1]中国刑事警察学院禁毒与治安学院,沈阳110035 [2]辽宁省禁毒技术重点实验室,沈阳110035

出　　处：《中国药物依赖性杂志》2024年第6期486-491,共6页Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0807405);国家社会科学基金项目(17BGL215);辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目(20170540982)。

摘　　要：目的探讨经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)在改善甲基苯丙胺成瘾者的执行功能和降低药物渴求方面的效果。方法以沈阳市6个社区戒毒(康复)中心268例甲基苯丙胺成瘾的戒毒人员为研究对象,采用随机双盲对照法,将268例甲基苯丙胺成瘾者随机分配到干预组和对照组,干预组在5周内接受10次tDCS治疗,对照组采用相同的方法接受假tDCS治疗。在干预前、干预结束时即刻和干预后1个月测量主要执行功能任务(例如工作记忆、抑制控制、认知灵活性和冒险行为)和药物渴求的表现。结果与对照组相比,干预组在干预结束时和干预后1个月观察到对药物的渴求显着降低(P<0.05),同样,干预组在干预结束时和干预后1个月在N-back、Go/No-Go、WCST和BART任务中的表现显著改善(P<0.05);认知控制改善与渴求降低之间的存在显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论认知控制功能的改善与渴求的降低密切相关,tDCS反复刺激背外侧前额叶皮质以提高执行控制能力可能是药物成瘾治疗干预的一种有前景的方法。Objective To investigate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)in enhancing executive function and reducing drug craving in methamphetamine addicts.Methods A total of 268 methamphetamine addicts from six community rehabilitation centers in Shenyang were selected as participants.A randomized,double-blind,controlled methodology was employed to allocate the addicts randomly into an intervention group and a control group.The intervention group underwent 10 sessions of tDCS treatment over 5 weeks,while the control group received sham tDCS treatment using an identical procedure.The primary executive function(EF)tasks,including working memory,inhibitory control,cognitive flexibility,and risk-taking behavior,as well as drug cravings,were assessed before,immediately after,and one month after the intervention.Resultss Compared to the control group,the intervention group exhibited a significant reduction in drug craving post-intervention and one month later(P<0.05).Similarly,the intervention group showed significant improvements in the performance of N-back,Go/No Go,WCST,and BART tasks post-intervention and one month later(P<0.05).A significant correlation was observed between improved cognitive control and decreased craving.Conclusion The improvement of cognitive control function is closely related to the decrease of drug craving.Repeated stimulation of the DLPFC using tDCS to enhance executive control abilities may serve as a promising intervention for drug addiction treatment.

关 键 词：经颅直流电刺激(tDCS) 甲基苯丙胺 执行功能 渴求 干预 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]