深圳市龙岗区重点行业企业有机溶剂挥发性组分分析  

Analysis of volatile components of organic solvents in key industry enterprises in Longgang District,Shenzhen City

作　　者：黄智峰 崔鹂[2] HUANG Zhifeng;CUI Li(Henggang Public Health Service Center,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市龙岗区横岗公共卫生服务中心,广东深圳518000 [2]深圳市龙岗区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2024年第5期566-569,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广东省职业卫生骨干培训项目(粤卫办函[2015]422号);深圳市龙岗区医疗卫生科技计划项目(LGWJ2022-113)。

摘　　要：目的分析深圳市龙岗区企业有机溶剂挥发性组分检出情况与变化趋势。方法采用判断抽样方法,选择深圳市龙岗区2019—2022年368家使用有机溶剂的企业为研究对象,收集其2019—2022年开展工作场所职业病危害因素监测的2086份有机溶剂挥发性组分资料进行分析。结果2086份有机溶剂样品中化学物质检出率居前10位的依次为甲苯、甲醇、二甲苯、正己烷、乙苯、二甲氧基甲烷、二氯甲烷、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和环己烷,检出率为16.73%~29.72%。368家企业所使用的有机溶剂样品中2019—2022年苯检出率由13.84%下降至5.13%(P<0.01),三氯乙烯的检出率由3.58%下降至0.45%(P<0.01),二氯乙烷的检出率由4.53%下降至1.81%(P<0.01);但正己烷检出率下降不明显(由28.88%下降至23.08%,P>0.05)。苯在黄胶、万能胶和天那水中检出率(为10.94%、10.00%、8.45%)相对较高,正己烷检出率相对较高的是万能胶、清洗剂和洗车水(为90.00%、61.84%、46.81%),三氯乙烯检出率相对较高的是清洗剂(3.95%),二氯乙烷检出率相对较高的是万能胶(40.00%)。结论2019—2022年龙岗区企业所使用的有机溶剂挥发性有机组分中,苯、三氯乙烯和二氯乙烷等传统风险职业病危害因素检出率均呈现下降趋势。Objective To analyze the detection situation and variation tendency of volatile components of organic solvents in enterprises in Longgang District,Shenzhen City.Methods A total of 368 enterprises using organic solvents in Longgang District,Shenzhen City from 2019 to 2022 were selected as the research subjects using judgment sampling method.And its 2086 reports of occupational hazards monitoring on volatile components of organic solvents in workplaces from 2019 to 2022 were collected for analysis.Results Among the 2086 organic solvent samples,the top 10 chemical substances in terms of detection rates were toluene,methanol,xylene,n-hexane,ethylbenzene,dimethoxymethane,dichloromethane,acetone,ethyl acetate and cyclohexane,with detection rates ranging from 16.73%to 29.72%.The detection rate of benzene in organic solvent samples from 368 enterprises decreased from 13.84%to 5.13%from 2019 to 2022(P<0.01).The detection rate of trichlorethylene decreased from 3.58%to 0.45%(P<0.01),and the detection rate of dichloroethane decreased from 4.53%to 1.81%(P<0.01).However,the reduction in the detection rate of n-hexane was not significant(from 28.88%to 23.08%,P>0.05).Benzene had relatively high detection rates in yellow glue,super glue,and thinner(10.94%,10.00%,and 8.45%,respectively).The detection rate of n-hexane was relatively high in super glue,cleaning agent and car wash liquids(90.00%,61.84%,and 46.81%,respectively).The detection rate of trichlorethylene was relatively high in cleaning agent(3.95%),and the detection rate of dichloroethane was relatively high in super glue(40.00%).Conclusion From 2019 to 2022,the detection rates of traditional occupational hazards such as benzene,trichloroethylene,and dichloroethane in the volatile organic components used in Longgang District enterprises showed a downward trend.

关 键 词：有机溶剂 挥发性组分 职业病危害因素 苯 三氯乙烯 二氯乙烷 正己烷 企业 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]