持续增强高职院校吸引力的二维构想——基于工具-符号理论视角  

Dual Strategies to Enhance the Attractiveness of Higher Vocational Colleges:An Instrumental-symbolic Theory Perspective

作　　者：曹昭乐 CAO Zhaole

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院、中国社会科学评价研究院,北京100732

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2025年第1期42-52,I0004,共12页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

摘　　要：借鉴工具-符号理论和组织吸引力的解释框架,以4所“双高”院校为例,剖析中国高职院校吸引力增强的主要特征和问题。在工具层面,高职院校吸引力整体趋“强”,特别是在学生报考初期,但增长态势不持续,主要原因有生源危机持续发酵,高就业率、升学率与低就业质量之间存在结构性矛盾等。在符号层面,高职院校吸引力增强态势更持久,但增幅不大,主要原因有市场需求的多变性和学生对专业认识的滞后性之间存在矛盾,社会文化根深蒂固,困限了高职院校符号吸引力的增强空间。可从强化高等职业教育核心功能、发挥主观能动性与顶层设计相结合的双策略,推动高等院校吸引力持续增强。Drawing on the instrumental-symbolic theory and the framework of organizational attractiveness,this paper takes four“Double-High Plan”institutions as examples to dissect the main characteristics and issues of the increased attractiveness of China’s higher vocational colleges.At the instrumental level,the overall instru⁃mental attractiveness of vocational colleges is trending towards“strength”,especially during the early stages of enrollment,but lacks sustainability.The main reasons for this problem include the continued escalation of the crisis in student sources,structural contradictions between high employment rates,enrollment rates,and low em⁃ployment quality.At the symbolic level,the attractiveness of vocational colleges has a more lasting impact,but with little variation.The main reasons for this problem include the variability of market demand conflicting with the lag in students’understanding of professions,deeply entrenched social and cultural factors limiting further enhancement of symbolic attractiveness of higher vocational colleges.To explore effective solutions for the sus⁃tained increase in the attractiveness of higher vocational education,it is necessary to enhance the core functions of higher vocational education by combining subjective initiative with top-level design.

关 键 词：工具-符号理论 组织吸引力 高职院校 教育功能 高校生源 大学生就业 

分 类 号：G648[文化科学—高等教育学]