我国研究生教育规模的时空格局与演进特点  

Spatiotemporal Pattern and Evolutionary Characteristics of Postgraduate Education Scale in China

作　　者：胡德鑫 刘畅 HU Dexin;LIU Chang

机构地区：[1]天津大学教育学院,天津300354

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2025年第1期107-118,I0007,共13页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：天津市教委社科重大项目“研究生教育质量评价体系研究与实践”(2020JWZD48)。

摘　　要：以基尼系数与泰尔指数为测算工具,利用2013—2022年我国研究生毕业生数等相关数据解析研究生教育规模的区域差异与演进态势,结果显示:第一,我国研究生教育规模扩张可划分为2013—2019年稳增与2019—2022年激增两个阶段,第二阶段博士研究生规模实现飞跃式增长,增长幅度呈现赶超硕士研究生的态势。第二,我国研究生教育规模区域差异的基尼系数始终在0.4以下,总体处在相对合理状态;硕士教育规模的区域差异对总体研究生教育规模的区域差异起缩小作用,且作用的贡献份额逐渐增加;博士教育规模的区域差异对总体研究生教育规模的区域差异起扩大作用,且作用的贡献份额逐渐减小。第三,各区域的研究生规模差异程度的变动主要是集中效应导致的,结构效应和总体效应带来的影响较小。第四,基于泰尔指数,组内差异是全国总差异的主要因素,贡献率保持在70%以上;其中,东部地区组内差异贡献率较高,在55%-60%之间波动,其次为西部,基本在30%-35%之间波动,最后为中部,基本在10%以下。With Gini coefficients and Thiel indices as measuring tools,the regional differences and evolution trend of Chinese postgraduate education scale are analyzed by using such relevant data as the number of gradu⁃ates from 2013 to 2020 in China.The research results show that,first,the expansion of postgraduate education in China can be divided into two stages:steady growth from 2013 to 2019 and sharp growth from 2019 to 2022;in the second stage,the scale of doctoral students achieves a leapfrog growth,and the growth rate shows a trend of catching up with and surpassing master's students.Second,the Gini coefficients of regional differences in the scale of postgraduate education in China is always below 0.4,which is relatively reasonable in general.The re⁃gional differences in the scale of master’s education have a narrowing effect on the overall regional differences in the scale of graduate education,and the contribution share of this effect gradually increases;the regional dif⁃ferences in the scale of doctoral education have a widening effect on the overall regional differences in the scale of graduate education,and the contribution share of this effect gradually decreases.Third,the changes in the de⁃gree of differences in the size of graduate students in different regions are mainly caused by the concentration ef⁃fect,while the structural effect and the overall effect have less impact.Fourth,based on the Thiel indices,in⁃tra-group differences are the main factor of the overall national differences,with the contribution rate of more than 70%.In terms of intra-group differences,the contribution rate of intra-group regional differences in the eastern region is relatively high,basically fluctuating between 55%and 60%;followed is the western region,which fluctuates between 30%and 35%,and the last is the central region,which fluctuates below 10%.

关 键 词：基尼系数 泰尔指数 研究生教育规模 区域差异 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]