不同粒径聚乙烯微塑料对赤子爱胜蚓的代谢毒性  

Metabolic toxicity of polyethylene microplastics with different sizes to earthworms Eisenia fetida

作　　者：杨晓霞[1] 张雪梅[1] 舒晓 谢蔓莉 孟霞[1] 张伟[1] 杨俊英[1] 龚久平[1] 李必全[1] YANG Xiao-xia;ZHANG Xue-mei;SHU Xiao;XIE Man-li;MENG Xia;ZHANG Wei;YANG Jun-ying;GONG Jiu-ping;LI Bi-quan(Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,重庆401329

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2025年第2期1063-1073,共11页China Environmental Science

基　　金：重庆市级财政项目(KYLX20240500057,cqaas2023sjczqn009,KYLX20231000102);重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(CSTB2024JXJL-YFX0017,CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0303)。

摘　　要：以赤子爱胜蚓为试验生物,以蚯蚓个体生长及繁殖、代谢解毒酶细胞色素P450(CYP)亚酶活力和小分子代谢物(代谢组)响应为指标体系,从个体到分子跨尺度水平探讨不同粒径(小粒径30~50μm、大粒径125μm)、不同浓度(0.5,2.5,10,20g/kg)聚乙烯微塑料的代谢毒性.暴露试验结果表明,小颗粒聚乙烯更易在蚯蚓体内停留及持续累积,其对生物体的危害更大;大颗粒聚微乙烯能在一定程度上抑制蚯蚓的繁殖.代谢组试验结果提示,不同粒径微塑料聚乙烯胁迫下,基于代谢组学识别出的前12位重要代谢物的响应明显不同,聚乙烯的粒径大小对其毒性效应有显著影响.在小粒径高浓度(10,20g/kg)聚乙烯胁迫下,7个重要代谢物(L-甲酰犬尿氨酸、雄甾烷二酮、雄烯二酮、二十二碳五烯酸、(5Z, 8Z, 14Z)-11, 12-二羟基二十碳-5, 8, 14-三烯酸(11,12-DHET)、肌醇及全反式维甲酸)的水平比对照显著增加20.5%~70.2%.小粒径聚乙烯可引发蚯蚓炎症反应及神经代谢紊乱效应,并对其渗透调节代谢产生损害;CYP2B6及CY2C9活力显著被诱导的现象揭示了蚯蚓自身具有一定解毒功能.在大粒径聚乙烯(浓度为0.5~20g/kg)胁迫下,蚯蚓CYP2B6及CYP3A4活力与对照组相当,但多数代谢物(L-甲酰犬尿氨酸、雄甾烷二酮、雄烯二酮、3’-磷酸腺苷、肌苷与黄嘌呤)的水平,相比对照显著降低20.0%~77.3%,抑制蚯蚓荷尔蒙生成,进而影响繁殖发育.By using Eisenia fetida as the test object,the growth and reproduction,cytochrome P450(CYP)sub-enzymes activity,and small molecule metabolites were measured to investigate the metabolic toxicity of polyethylene microplastics with different particle sizes(small,30~50μm;large,125μm)at different concentrations(0.5,2.5,10,20g/kg).The results showed that small particles of polyethylene were more likely to retain and accumulate in earthworms,and their harm to earthworms were greater.And large particle polyethylene microplastics could inhibit the reproduction of earthworms to some extent.The top twelve most important metabolites identified by metabolomics responded differently under the stress of different sizes of polyethylene,and the particle size of polyethylene had a significant effect on the toxic effect.The stress of small-size polyethylene with low concentrations(0.5,2.5g/kg)had no significant effect on the CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 activities and the concentrations of important metabolites in earthworms;under the stress of small-size polyethylene with high concentrations(10,20g/kg),the levels in seven important metabolites(L-formylkynurenine,androstanedione,androstenedione,docosapentaenoic acid,(5Z,8Z,14Z)-11,12-dihydroxyicosa-5,8,14-dienoic acid(11,12-DHET),inositol,and all-trans-retinoic acid)significantly increased by 20.5%to 70.2%compared to the control.Small-size polyethylene could cause the inflammation and neuro-metabolic disorders in earthworms,and damage their osmotic regulation metabolism.The significant induction of CYP2B6 and CY2C9 activity revealed that earthworms had certain detoxification functions.Under the stress of large-size polyethylene with the concentration of 0.5~20g/kg,no significant change in the activities of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 in earthworms in comparison to the control was observed.However,the levels in majority of important metabolites,including L-formylkynurenine,androstanedione,androstenedione,adenosine 3'-phosphate,inosine,and xanthine,were all significantly lower than the control by 20.0

关 键 词：代谢组学 繁殖 炎症 神经毒性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]