基于熵权-TOPSIS综合评价法的苜蓿最适灌溉方式研究  

Research on the most suitable irrigation method for alfalfa based on entropy weight-TOPSIS

作　　者：麦合穆提·拜合提 丁峰 李彦[1] 党龙鑫 MEIHEMUTI Baiheti;DING Feng;LI Yan;DANG Longxin(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Research Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Watersaving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2025年第1期249-256,共8页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2021YFD1900804-05);水利部重大科技项目课题(SKS-2022054-4);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(KY2022029)。

摘　　要：为探求不同灌溉方式对苜蓿的影响并优选最适宜该地区的灌溉方式,本研究以紫花苜蓿为研究对象,通过小区对比试验,探讨新疆乌昌地区3种主要灌溉方式(W1浅埋式滴灌、W2地表滴灌和W3平移式喷灌)对苜蓿生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响,并采用熵权-TOPSIS综合评价法,优选适宜于该地区苜蓿生产的节水灌溉方式。结果表明,W1处理能够有效提高土壤水分含量,在苜蓿生长期内0~60 cm土壤含水量都显著高于W2和W3处理(P<0.05)。W1处理苜蓿三茬总产量最高,为14379.4 kg·hm^(-2),较W2和W3三茬平均灌溉水利用效率分别提高了11.76%、46.15%。W1处理和W2处理三茬相对饲喂价值没有显著差异(P<0.05),其中W1处理三茬平均相对饲喂价值最高为121.3,其营养品质最好。利用熵权-TOPSIS法加权计算相对贴近度Si,最终得出W1处理贴近度最大,为0.522,是本试验中最优的方案,该处理既能获得较高的产量和品质,又能提高水分生产效能。研究表明,浅埋滴灌可以明显提高苜蓿产量和水分利用效率,在水资源短缺的干旱地区可选用浅埋滴灌作为苜蓿适宜的节水灌溉方式。To investigate the impact of various irrigation methods on alfalfa and determine the most suitable for the region,the study used alfalfa as the subject and conducted plot comparison experiments.It examined the effects of three primary irrigation methods—W1 shallow subsurface drip irrigation,W2 surface drip irrigation,and W3 horizontal jet irrigation on the growth,yield,and water use efficiency of alfalfa in the Wuchang region.Employing the entropy weight-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method,the study aimed to identify the most water-saving irrigation method for alfalfa production in the region.The result showed shallow subsurface drip irrigation effectively enhanced soil moisture.During the alfalfa growth phase,the soil moisture from 0-60 cm under the shallow subsurface drip irrigation was significantly higher compared with both surface drip irrigation and horizontal jet irrigation(P<0.05).The highest total yield of three crops of alfalfa under shallow subsurface drip irrigation reached 14379.4 kg·hm^(-2),representing an increase of 11.76%and 46.15%compared with surface drip irrigation and horizontal jet irrigation,respectively.There was no significant difference in the relative feeding value of the three crops between shallow subsurface drip irrigation and surface drip irrigation treatments(P<0.05).The average relative feeding value of the three crops under shallow subsurface drip irrigation was the highest at 121.3,reflecting the best nutritional quality.Using the entropy weight-TOPSIS method to compute the relative proximity,it was concluded that the W1 treatment had the highest relative proximity of 0.522,making it the optimal solution in this experiment.W1 treatment not only achieved higher yield and quality but also enhanced water production efficiency.Therefore shallow subsurface drip irrigation can significantly improve the yield and water use efficiency of alfalfa,making it a suitable water-saving irrigation method for alfalfa in water-scarce regions.

关 键 词：浅埋式滴灌 紫花苜蓿 营养品质 熵权-TOPSIS 灌溉方式 

分 类 号：S274.2[农业科学—农业水土工程]