线结构光三维形貌测量系统精度影响因素分析  

Analysis of Factors Influencing Accuracy in Line-Structured Light Three-Dimensional Surface Measurement Systems

作　　者：李天宇[1] 刘昌文[1] 段发阶[1] 傅骁[1] 牛广越 梁春疆 Li Tianyu;Liu Changwen;Duan Fajie;Fu Xiao;Niu Guangyue;Liang Chunjiang(State Key Laboratory of Precision Testing Technology and Instruments,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学精密测试技术及仪器全国重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第21期124-136,共13页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52205573,U2241265,92360306,61971307,62231011);中国博士后科学基金(2022M720106);天津大学科技领军创新人才培育“启明计划”项目(2024XQM-0012);精密测试技术及仪器全国重点实验室(天津大学)青年教师科研启动项目(Pilq2304);国家科技重大专项(J2022-V-0005-0031);航空科学基金(2022Z060048001);青年人才托举工程(2021QNRC001);装备预研教育部联合基金(8091B022144);国防科技重点实验室基金(6142212210304);广东省重点研发计划(2020B0404030001);霍英东教育基金会资助(171055)。

摘　　要：线结构光三维测量技术在各行业中已广泛应用,对于不同的测量对象,其测量范围与测量精度也有所差异。围绕线结构光测量精度的影响因素展开研究,着重分析了光源、相机和扫描装置在系统性能中的作用。介绍了非沙姆结构的线结构光传感器数学模型以及线结构光扫描点云拼接数学模型,深入分析了关键组件特性对系统性能的影响以及它们之间的相互约束关系。针对常见的检测需求,明确了系统关键参数设计逻辑,这为系统设计优化提供了理论支持。最后,该研究搭建了一套微米级线结构光扫描测量系统及标定实验平台,并进行了三维重建实验,为线结构光技术在实际应用中的进一步发展提供了宝贵的实验数据和经验。Objective Line-structured light technology offers advantages such as simplicity,robustness,and non-contact measurement,making it widely used in industrial applications like reverse engineering,defect detection,and part alignment.In recent years,this method has garnered significant attention and research as a crucial three-dimensional vision measurement technique.However,variations in measurement range and accuracy exist due to differences in measurement objects,with key factors affecting accuracy stemming from the light source,camera,and scanning device of the linestructured light three-dimensional surface measurement system.The interplay among these system parameters presents challenges to researchers.Therefore,we delve into these aspects in this paper,conducting an in-depth study on the influence of component characteristics of structured light measurement on system performance and exploring the relationships among performance constraints.We aim to provide theoretical support for researchers and practitioners involved in constructing line-structured light vision systems.Methods Due to variations in measurement objects,the measurement range and accuracy vary accordingly.The precision of the line-structured light three-dimensional surface measurement system is mainly influenced by the light source,camera,and scanning device.This study focuses on analyzing and researching these aspects.It begins by introducing mathematical models of the non-Sham structured line-structured light sensor and the mathematical model for stitching point clouds from line-structured light scans.Subsequently,a detailed analysis is conducted on the impact of key component characteristics on system performance and the interdependencies of system performance.Factors such as the uniformity of brightness of the laser-projected light stripes,the straightness of the light stripes,laser line width,internal camera parameters,camera perspective imaging,motion errors of the scanning device,and the influence of scanning methods are individually analyz

关 键 词：线结构光 机器视觉 三维形貌测量 精度影响因素分析 系统优化 

分 类 号：TP29[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TH741[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]