同步热分析技术在一起火灾事故调查中的应用  

Application of Synchronous Thermal Analysis in the Investigation of a Fire Accident

作　　者：李英哲 张明君 金静 张金专 纪文涛[3] LI Yingzhe;ZHANG Mingjun;JIN Jing;ZHANG Jinzhuan;JI Wentao(China People’s Police University,Langfang 065000,Hebei,China;Criminal Science and Technology Offi ce of Anci Branch of Langfang Public Security Bureau,Langfang 065000,Hebei,China;College of Safety Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民警察大学,河北廊坊065000 [2]廊坊市公安局安次分局刑事科学技术室,河北廊坊065000 [3]河南理工大学安全科学与工程学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《刑事技术》2025年第1期102-106,共5页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金(E2021507001);公安部技术研究计划(2020JSYJC24)。

摘　　要：物证是侦查的生命线,针对物证开展科学有效的检验鉴定可以为重建案/事件提供重要支撑。火场物证主要是围绕火灾性质及火灾原因分析认定展开,特别在火灾原因认定中,引火源和起火物的认定及其之间引燃条件的成立是最终分析认定火灾原因的关键。在对一起生产车间疑难火灾的调查中,在认定起火物和引燃条件时遇到了困难。通过同步热分析技术对相关物证进行热性能分析,得出该物证的热解起始温度等热性能参数,结合现场火源温度特征科学分析了引燃条件。在对该起火灾事故的认定中,以热分析技术的结果为基础,结合视频分析、调查询问及现场勘验情况,在充分排除其他致灾因素的前提下,对该起火灾原因进行了综合认定。本文针对该起典型案例的物证分析可以为相关火灾原因的分析提供重要参考。Physical evidence is the lifeline of investigation,and scientific and effective examination and identification of physical evidence can provide crucial support in reconstructing cases or events.In the context of fire scene evidence,the focus revolves around the nature of thefire and the analysis and determination of thefire’s causes.Particularly in the determination of thefire’s causes,identifying the ignition source,the fuel,and the conditions that lead to ignition are the key factors in thefinal analysis of thefire’s origin.During the investigation of a complexfire incident in a production workshop,difficulties were encountered in identifying the fuel and the ignition conditions.Through the application of simultaneous thermal analysis techniques to analyze the thermal properties of relevant physical evidence,parameters such as the thermal decomposition initiation temperature were determined.Upon identifying the point of origin,the heat of ignition was determined through the melting point temperature,and the materialfirst ignited was identified through the pyrolysis temperature.Even though the pyrolysis temperature differs from the ignition temperature,the majority of combustion occurs in the gaseous phase,and combustible gas forms the basis of the combustion process.For polymeric materials,the generation of combustible gas must occur through pyrolysis,making pyrolysis a prerequisite for ignition.Only when the combustible material undergoes pyrolysis and produces a sufficient concentration of combustible gas can combustion potentially occur.Materials were collected from the point of origin in thisfire investigation,and using thermal analysis techniques,the initial pyrolysis temperature was theoretically used to reasonably infer and identify the materialfirst ignited,offering crucial reference for the analysis and identification of similarfire incidents.

关 键 词：火灾物证鉴定 引燃条件 同步热分析法 热性能 火灾原因认定 

分 类 号：DF794.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]