被动声学监测在蝙蝠研究中的应用  

Application of passive acoustic monitoring in Chiropteran research

作　　者：刘莹莹[1] 龚立新 曾皓 冯江[1,2] 董永军 王磊[4] 江廷磊 Yingying Liu;Lixin Gong;Hao Zeng;Jiang Feng;Yongjun Dong;Lei Wang;Tinglei Jiang(Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130117,China;College of Life Science,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;School of Physics,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China;School of Municipal and Environment Engineering,Changchun Institute of Technology,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室,长春130117 [2]吉林农业大学生命科学学院,长春130118 [3]东北师范大学物理学院,长春130024 [4]长春工程学院市政与环境工程学院,长春130012

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第10期6-13,共8页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32371562);吉林省科技发展项目(20220101273JC)。

摘　　要：被动声学监测(passive acoustic monitoring,PAM)技术因其非侵入性和连续监测的能力,在野生动物研究中的意义日渐突出。翼手目动物,俗称蝙蝠,以其独特的回声定位能力、夜行性及对环境变化的高敏感性,已成为基于PAM进行生物多样性和环境监测的关键类群。本综述旨在全面阐述被动声学监测技术在蝙蝠研究中的应用,并分析了被动声学监测的优势和局限性,总结了文献中关于如何有效地收集和处理声学数据以监测和研究蝙蝠的多样性、活动模式、种群动态、生境选择和分布等方法。最后,通过文献中的案例研究比较了不同环境因素对蝙蝠多样性和活动的影响,并讨论了这些环境变量如何影响数据的收集。此外,本文评估了PAM技术在实际应用中的挑战,探讨了PAM技术的发展前景及其在生物多样性保护中的潜在贡献,并提出了包括技术创新、公民科学参与和监测策略优化等未来研究方向的建议,以推动PAM技术在蝙蝠保护和管理中的进一步应用,有助于进一步保护生物多样性,促进生态文明建设。Background:Passive acoustic monitoring(PAM)technology has become increasingly significant in wildlife research due to its non-invasive nature and capacity for continuous monitoring.A key taxonomic group for biodiversity and environmental monitoring using PAM are the order Chiroptera,commonly known as bats,with their unique echolocation abilities,nocturnality,and high sensitivity to environmental changes.Progress:This review aims to comprehensively explore the applications of PAM in Chiropteran research and note the scientific and ecological breakthroughs that this new tool facilitates.We analyze the advantages and limitations of PAM,and summarize methods for effectively collecting and processing acoustic data to estimate and monitor bat diversity,activity patterns,population dynamics,habitat selection,and distribution.The review concludes with case studies from the literature that compare the impact of different environmental factors on bat diversity and activity,and that discuss how these variables affect data collection.Prospects:This review concludes its assessment by noting the challenges that PAM faces in practical applications;by exploring the future prospects of the technology and its potential contributions to biodiversity conservation;and by proposing future research directions including technological innovation,citizen science involvement,and monitoring strategy optimization.These suggestions will help further advance the application of PAM technology in bat conservation and management by contributing to the protection of biodiversity.

关 键 词：蝙蝠 被动声学监测 生物多样性保护 行为生态 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]