轮轨摩擦自激振动有限元模型的模型优化研究  

Model Optimization Study on Frictional Self-Excited Vibration of Wheel-Rail System

作　　者：张峻才 陈光雄[1] 常勇 唐宇 刘崧楠 华浩 ZHANG Juncai;CHEN Guangxiong;CHANG Yong;TANG Yu;LIU Songnan;HUA Hao(Tribology Research Institute,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学摩擦学研究所,四川成都610031

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2025年第1期105-110,共6页Lubrication Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52175189)。

摘　　要：目前在进行轮轨间摩擦自激振动分析时,大多选择用轮对-直线轨道摩擦自激振动有限元模型来模拟车辆在曲线上的运行状态,而基于轮对-曲线轨道摩擦自激振动有限元模型的仿真计算较少。基于轮轨间摩擦自激振动导致钢轨波磨的理论,研究了频繁出现在地铁小半径曲线轨道上的波磨现象。使用有限元软件ABAQUS,分别建立轮对-直线轨道与轮对-曲线轨道摩擦自激振动有限元模型,采用复特征值分析法对比2种模型所预测的不稳定振动频率,并研究轨下垫板弹性模量和轮轨摩擦因数对钢轨波磨的影响。结果发现,轮对-曲线轨道模型更容易反映出轮轨接触时所产生的不稳定振动,且在低频方面有更好的表现结果;增大轮轨摩擦因数和轨下垫板弹性模量会导致等效阻尼比绝对值增大,导致钢轨波磨更容易发生。In the previous frictional self-excited vibration analysis of wheel-track systems,the frictional self-excited vibration model of a wheelset-straight track is usually chosen to simulate the running condition of a vehicle negotiating a tight curve.However,there are few simulation calculations based on the frictional self-excited vibration model of a wheelset-curved track.Based on the theory that the frictional self-excited vibration of wheel-track systems leads to rail corrugation,the phenomenon of rail corrugation commonly occurring on a sharply curved track was studied.Two different frictional self-excited vibration models of the wheelset-straight track and the wheelset-curved track were established using ABAQUS.The unstable vibration frequencies predicted by two models were compared using complex eigenvalue analysis method.The influence of the elastic modulus of the rail pad and the friction coefficient between the wheel and the rail on the rail corrugation was analyzed.It is found that the wheelset-curved track model is more likely to reflect the unstable vibration,especially at low frequencies.The increase of the friction coefficient between the wheel and the rail and the elastic modulus of the rail pad will lead to an increase in the absolute value of the effective damping ratio,so the rail corrugation is more likely to occur.

关 键 词：钢轨波磨 自激振动 曲线轨道 等效阻尼比 振动频率 

分 类 号：TH117[机械工程—机械设计及理论]