民事公益诉讼级别管辖制度的反思与重塑  

The Reflection and Restructuring of the Level Jurisdiction System for Civil Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：张嘉军[1,2,3] Zhang Jiajun

机构地区：[1]郑州大学法学院,河南郑州450052 [2]郑州大学检察公益诉讼研究院,河南郑州450052 [3]郑州大学中国司法案例研究中心,河南郑州450052

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2024年第11期77-87,207,共12页Jiangxi Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“比例原则在民事诉讼中的适用研究”(22AFX010)。

摘　　要：党的二十大报告提出要“完善公益诉讼制度”,我国基于司法解释确立的民事公益诉讼级别管辖制度无论是设定的立法技术、级别管辖司法政策的走向还是司法实践等层面都存在或引发了诸多问题,这一制度确立的依据经不起逻辑经验的推敲和验证,应改革和完善。对其改革和完善的基本思路就是,让其回归民事诉讼级别管辖的基本轨道,即根据民事公益诉讼标的额大小确定相应的级别管辖,将案件分配至高级人民法院、中级人民法院和基层人民法院。同时建立民事公益诉讼专业化的审判机构,并不建议民事公益诉讼案件实行集中管辖。The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes the need to“improve the public interest litigation system”.The level jurisdiction system for civil public interest litigation,as established through judicial interpretations,faces numerous issues in terms of legislative techniques,judicial policy orientation and practical application.The foundational rationale for this system fails to withstand logical and empirical scrutiny,and it should be reformed and improved.A fundamental approach to improvement involves realigning the system with the core principles of level jurisdiction in civil litigation,i.e.,the jurisdictional level should be determined based on the monetary value of the claims involved in civil public interest litigation,ensuring the appropriate allocation of cases to higher,intermediate and basic-level people's courts.Additionally,specialized trial institutions for civil public interest litigation should be established.However,centralized jurisdiction for such cases is not recommended.

关 键 词：民事公益诉讼 级别管辖体系 确定标准 专业化 现代化 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]