结构化影响及其对创作的限制——论哈罗德·布鲁姆的“影响”诗学  

The Structural Influence and Its Limitation on Creation:On Harold Bloom's Poetics of"Influence"

作　　者：何利娴 HE Li-xian(School of Chinese Language and Literature,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510000)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学文学院,广东广州510000

出　　处：《新疆大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期131-138,共8页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：辨析当代批评家布鲁姆的“影响”诗学与新批评理论之间的渊源关系,有助于发现其诗学的封闭结构化特点。受到这种结构化诗学的影响,“修正”与“压抑”成为后辈的创作表现,并且“影响”诗学凸显前驱者的优先权,追求中心主义的批评原则,因此,它促使后辈的创作更以压抑感为主。布鲁姆以“影响”诗学重新诠释了浪漫主义诗人的创作特点,从而体现出对浪漫主义的重构意义。然而另一方面,“影响”诗学的结构化、体系化分析方式,限制了诗人丰富多维的诗性表达,未能体现诗人在创作中的主体性面貌,这显然与布鲁姆致力于开展的主体批评相悖,侧面反映出他难以挽救后现代语境下主体被消解的命运走向。It is helpful for us to discover the closed and structural characteristics of Bloom's poetics,who is a contemporary critic,when we distinguish the origin relationship between his poetics of"influence"and the theory of New Criticism.The posterity makes some revisions and feels repressed in the process of his creation,who is influenced by this structural poetics.The poetics of"influence"highlights the priority of the predecessor,and pursues the criticism principle of the centralism,which prompts the posterity to be more likely to feel repressed in his creation.Bloom reinterpreted the creative characteristics of Romantic poets through the poetics of"influence",thus reflecting the significance of reconstructing romanticism.However,on the other hand,the structural and systematic analysis of the poetics of"influence",restricts the abundant poetics expression of the poets,which can't show the subjectivity of the poets in creation.His view is obviously opposite to the criticism of the subject which he devotes himself to giving,which indirectly reflects that it is difficult for him to rescue the development direction of the subject which is dissolved in the post-modern context.

关 键 词：哈罗德·布鲁姆 新批评 “影响”诗学 结构 创作 

分 类 号：I06[文学—文学理论]