三种中草药提取物对植物病原菌的抑菌活性  

Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from Three Chinese Herbal Medicines Against Phytopathogens

作　　者：赫卫 潘嘉仪 罗梅 罗娟 HE Wei;PAN Jiayi;LUO Mei;LUO Juan(Department of Pharmacy,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学药学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2024年第12期90-95,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：贵州中医药大学博士启动基金项目[No.(2020)43号];贵州中医药大学本科教学质量工程建设项目[No.贵中医大创合字(2024)79号]。

摘　　要：探索中药材提取物对植物病原菌的抑菌活性,为扩大植物源抗菌剂的来源提供科学依据。采用甲醇提取艾纳香叶、苍术根茎、半夏球茎,再以石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇对提取物进行萃取,利用菌丝生长速率法,测定甲醇提取物、石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物对4种植物病原菌的抑制作用。艾纳香的5 mg/mL甲醇提取物、2 mg/mL石油醚萃取物和2 mg/mL乙酸乙酯萃取物对辣椒疫霉菌的抑制效果强,抑制率分别为94.05%、75.72%和86.16%;苍术2 mg/mL石油醚萃取物对辣椒炭疽菌有显著抑制作用,抑制率为67.01%;半夏2 mg/mL乙酸乙酯萃取物对辣椒疫霉菌有显著抑制作用,抑制率为69.73%;3种中药材的正丁醇萃取物对4种植物病原菌的抑制作用很弱。3种中药材对植物病原菌均有抑菌活性,艾纳香可作为卵菌门的辣椒疫霉菌抑菌剂的来源。Exploring the antibacterial activity of extracts from Chinese herbal medicines against phytopathogens provides a scientific basis for expanding the sources of plant-based fungicides.The extract was obtained via methanol extraction of Blumea balsamifera,Atractylodes rhizoma,or Pinellia ternata and then extracted with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,or n-butanol solution,respectively.The mycelium growth rate method was adopted.The inhibitory effects of extracts of methanol,petroleum ethert,ethyl acetate,and n-butanol on the four phytopathogens were determined.The 5 mg·mL^(-1)methanol extract,2 mg·mL^(-1)petroleum ether extract,and 2 mg·mL^(-1)ethyl acetate extract of B.balsamifera strongly inhibited effect on Phytophthora capsici,with inhibition rates of 94.05%,75.72%,and 86.16%,respectively.The 2 mg·mL^(-1)petroleum ether extract of A.rhizoma had significant inhibitory effects on Colletotrichum capsici,with an inhibition rate of 67.01%.The 2 mg·mL^(-1)ethyl acetate extract of P.ternata had a significant inhibitory effect on P.capsici,with an inhibition rate of 69.73%.The n-butanol extracts from three Chinese herbal medicines had weak inhibitory effects on the four phytopathogens.Three Chinese herbal medicines have antibacterial activity against phytopathogens,and B.balsamifera can be used as a source of antibacterial agents for P.capsici belonging to the Oomycota.

关 键 词：抑菌活性 植物病原菌 艾纳香 苍术 半夏 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]