输水渠道对陆栖脊椎动物的生态影响及缓解措施  

Ecological Impacts of Water Canals on Terrestrial Vertebrates and Its Mitigation Strategies

作　　者：夏霖[1] 程继龙 陈国亮 杨奇森[1] 许玉 XIA Lin;CHENG Jilong;CHEN Guoliang;YANG Qisen;XU Yu(Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Xinjiang Boyan Water Resources and Hydropower Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [2]新疆博衍水利水电环境科技有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《环境影响评价》2025年第1期30-37,共8页Environmental Impact Assessment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金NSFC-新疆联合基金项目(U2003203);重大水利工程对额尔齐斯河流域陆栖脊椎动物及栖息地的影响监测研究。

摘　　要：输水渠道作为线性工程对陆栖脊椎动物及其栖息地造成了直接和间接的负面生态影响,其阻隔作用造成栖息地片段化、动物迁移受阻、个体基因交流中断,并可改变动物个体行为、造成动物溺水致死、助长外来物种传播等。在全球范围内,大量的研究聚焦于公路、铁路,针对线性输水工程的相关研究十分薄弱,野生动物的保护措施多借鉴交通工程。本研究梳理了1970年以来国内外发表的相关研究案例,归纳了缓解输水渠道对陆栖脊椎动物生态影响的措施,包括设置保护围网、野生动物通道、逃离设施、植被缓冲带、人工饮水点等,并对其适用条件与范围、建设规格与参数、影响因素等进行了归纳和整理,以期为未来水利工程中野生动物保护措施的设计和环境影响评价、监测工作提供理论支撑。Water canals are linear infrastructures with direct or indirect negative ecological impacts on terrestrial vertebrates and their habitats.They impose physical barriers that isolate animal populations,interrupt the gene flow,increase habitat fragmentation and the risk of alien species invasion.Canals can also change the behavioral response of animal individuals,disrupt seasonal migration and threaten wildlife safety by drowning.In the global scale,the mechanisms to mitigate the negative impacts of canals have been far less studied than other liner infrastructures such as road and railway,and most mitigation strategies are now derived from road ecology.This paper combines the successful conservation efforts home and abroad since 1970,and puts forward the suggestions of mitigation measures for reducing barrier effects on terrestrial vertebrates,including setting up protective fences,wildlife crossing structures,escape ramp,artificial wildlife water catchment,riparian vegetation buffer strips,with their application conditions,structural attributes and influencing factors,etc.The paper can provide a scientific support for the wildlife conservation and environmental impact assessment of future water conservancy projects.

关 键 词：输水渠道 陆栖脊椎动物 生态影响 缓解措施 野生动物通道 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]